连续施用生物炭对花生不同生育时期叶绿素荧光特性的影响  

Effects of Continuous Application of Biochar on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Peanut at Different Growth Stages

作　　者：顾博文 杨劲峰 鲁晓玲 吴怡慧 李娜 刘宁 安宁 韩晓日 GU BoWen;YANG JinFeng;LU XiaoLing;WU YiHui;LI Na;LIU Ning;AN Ning;HAN XiaoRi(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources/Monitoring&Experimental Station of Corn Nutrition and Fertilization in Northeast Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shenyang 110866;Marine College,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室/农业农村部东北玉米营养与施肥科学观测实验站,沈阳110866 [2]山东大学海洋学院,山东威海264209

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第21期4552-4561,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32072679);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200803);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过测定花生不同生育时期功能叶片的叶绿素荧光特性,探讨连续9年施用不同用量生物炭对花生叶片光系统Ⅱ的电子传递、光能吸收和氧化还原性能影响规律,同时观测叶片放氧复合体(OEC)受损程度变化趋势,为指导花生施肥提供理论支撑。【方法】于2011年建立的田间定位试验,设3个处理:CK(不施肥);C15(生物炭225 kg·hm^(-2));C50(生物炭750 kg·hm^(-2))。2019年分别采集不同生育时期花生功能叶,利用M-PEA-2仪器测定暗处理后的叶片光合指标。【结果】通过分析不同生育时期花生功能叶叶绿素荧光参数发现,连续施用不同用量生物炭对快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线(OJIP曲线)有显著影响。C15处理的K点的相对可变荧光强度差(ΔVT)在花生苗期和开花下针期分别为-0.002和-0.020,在结荚期和成熟期分别为-0.024和-0.053,与CK处理相比花生各生育时期功能叶K点的相对可变荧光强度显著降低;随着生物炭用量的增加,开花下针期与成熟期K点降低幅度有不同程度增大。花生功能叶叶绿素荧光参数在开花下针期和成熟期对生物炭的连续施用有积极响应,其具体表现为:在开花下针期,与CK处理相比C15处理的J点相对可变荧光强度(VJ)降低23.9%,初级醌受体(Q_(A))被还原速率(MO)降低32.1%,捕获的激电子将电子传递到电子传递链中Q_(A)下游的其他电子受体的速率(ΨO)增加25.0%,以吸收光能为基础的光化学性能指数(PI_(ABS))增加154.6%。缓解了花生功能叶片的放氧复合体(OEC)受损程度,提高电子由初级醌受体(Q_(A))向电子传递链下游的其他电子受体传递的能力,随着生物炭用量的增加,效果越明显。在成熟期,施用不同量生物炭对花生叶片叶绿素荧光特性指标的影响与开花下针期基本一致,具体表现为:C15处理较CK处理J点相对可变荧光强度(VJ)和初级醌受体(Q_(A))被还原速率(MO)显著降低,分别减少12.5%和16.【Objective】By measuring the photosynthetic performance indexes of functional leaves of peanut at different growth stages,the effects of different amounts of biochar on electron transport,light energy absorption and redox properties of peanut leaves photosome II were studied for 9 years in a row.Meanwhile,the change trend of leaf oxygen evolution complex(OEC)damage degree was observed to provide the theoretical support for guiding peanut fertilization.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in 2011 with three treatments:CK(no fertilization),C15(biochar 225 kg·hm^(-2)),and C50(biochar 750 kg·hm^(-2)).In 2019,the peanut functional leaves at different growth stages were collected,and the photosynthetic indexes of leaves after dark treatment were measured by M-PEA-2 instrument.【Result】By analyzing the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of peanut functional leaves at different growth stages,it was found that continuous application of biochar had a significant effect on the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic curve(OJIP curve).The relative variable fluorescence intensity difference(ΔVt)of K point treated with C15 was-0.002 and-0.020 at seedling stage and flowering and needle setting stage,and-0.024 and-0.053 at pod setting stage and maturity stage.Compared with CK treatment,the relative variable fluorescence intensity of K point in functional leaves of peanut at different growth stages was significantly decreased;with the increase of biochar dosage,the decrease range of K point at flowering,needling and mature stages increased in varying degrees.The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of peanut functional leaves had a positive response to the continuous application of biochar at the flowering,needling and maturity stages.Compared with CK treatment,the relative variable fluorescence intensity at the J-step(VJ)under C15 treatment decreased by 23.9%,the approximated initial slope of the fluorescence transient(MO)decreased by 32.1%,and the rate at which trapped excitons transfer electrons to other electr

关 键 词：生物炭 花生 叶绿素荧光 快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]