水肥耦合对水稻生长土壤呼吸与无机氮的影响  

Coupling of Water and Fertilizer Methods on Growth of Rice,Soil Respiration and Inorganic Nitrogen

作　　者：郑恩楠 朱银浩 胡建宇 孟凡香 张戈 徐天宇 ZHENG Ennan;ZHU Yinhao;HU Jianyu;MENG Fanxiang;ZHANG Ge;XU Tianyu(School of Hydraulic and Electric Power,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第9期272-279,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：黑龙江省省属高校基本科研业务费项目(2020-KYYWF-1042)。

摘　　要：为研究不同灌水方式配施腐植酸肥对水稻干物质转运、碳含量和土壤呼吸速率以及无机氮含量的影响,在大田试验条件下设置了3种灌水方式(控制灌溉、淹灌和浅湿灌溉)和5种施肥方式(100%尿素(T1,为当地传统施肥方式,纯氮量110 kg/hm^(2))、30%腐植酸肥+70%尿素(T2)、50%腐植酸肥+50%尿素(T3)、70%腐植酸肥+30%尿素(T4)和100%腐植酸肥(T5,1500 kg/hm^(2))),共计15个试验处理,并对水稻的抽穗后期干物质转运、成熟期水稻各器官的碳含量以及土壤呼吸速率和无机氮含量进行观测。结果表明:水肥处理影响了水稻的干物质转运、碳含量和土壤呼吸速率以及氮素形态的积累,在CT5、WT5和FT5处理下水稻抽穗后期茎叶干物质转运相比较其他水肥处理,具有显著优势,且在成熟期各器官的碳含量也相对较大;随着腐植酸肥的增加,3种灌水方式下的土壤呼吸速率逐渐增大,控制灌溉不同施肥处理下的土壤呼吸速率大于淹灌和浅湿灌溉,而淹灌和浅湿灌溉各处理之间的差异不显著;腐植酸肥的增加,提高了土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量,并在CT5处理下达到最大值。因此,控制灌溉下施加1500 kg/hm^(2)腐植酸肥,能够提高水稻的生长和改善土壤的呼吸和无机氮含量,综合考虑CT5处理为最佳的水肥模式。In order to study the effects of humic acid on rice growth,soil respiration and inorganic nitrogen with different irrigation methods,three irrigation methods(control irrigation,flood irrigation and shallow wet irrigation)and five fertilization methods,including 100%inorganic nitrogen fertilizer(T1,110 kg/hm^(2)),30%humic acid fertilizer+70%inorganic nitrogen fertilizer(T2),50%humic acid fertilizer+50%inorganic nitrogen fertilizer(T3),70%humic acid fertilizer+30%inorganic nitrogen fertilizer(T4),100%humic acid fertilizer(T5,1500 kg/hm^(2))were set up.The dry matter transport,carbon content of different organs,soil respiration and inorganic nitrogen were observed.The results showed that different irrigation and fertilizer treatments affected rice growth,soil respiration and nitrogen accumulation.Compared with other irrigation and fertilizer treatments,CT5,WT5 and FT5 treatments had significant advantages in dry matter transport of stems and leaves at the late heading stage,and the carbon content of each organ was relatively large at the mature stage;with the increase of humic acid content,soil respiration was increased under the three irrigation methods,the soil respiration rate under different fertilization rates with control irrigation was higher than that of flood irrigation and shallow wet irrigation,but there was no significant difference between flood irrigation and shallow wet irrigation,with the increase of humic acid,the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was increased,and reached the maximum value under CT5 treatment.Therefore,under the control irrigation condition,application 1500 kg/hm^(2) humic acid in the soil,the growth of rice and soil respiration and inorganic nitrogen content can be improved.After comprehensive consideration CT5 treatment can be the best treatment.

关 键 词：水稻 灌水方式 腐植酸肥 干物质转运 呼吸速率 无机氮含量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学] S143