河套灌区畦灌灌水方案优化与敏感性分析  

Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Border Irrigation Performance in Hetao Irrigation District

作　　者：范雷雷 史海滨[1] 李瑞平[1] 苗庆丰[1] 裴文武 华智敏 FAN Leilei;SHI Haibin;LI Ruiping;MIAO Qingfeng;PEI Wenwu;HUA Zhimin(College of Water Conservation and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District Administration,Bayannur 015000,China;Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute of Inner Mongolia,Huhhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古河套灌区管理总局,巴彦淖尔015000 [3]内蒙古自治区水利水电勘测设计院,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第9期280-290,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400205);国家自然科学基金项目(51769021、51539005、51839006);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(201602049)。

摘　　要：针对河套灌区宽畦田、大畦块导致的灌水效率低的问题,为探求变化环境下适宜的畦灌技术参数,在河套灌区沈乌灌域典型试验基础上,采用不同灌溉设计方案对典型砂土较大田块(长×宽为80 m×25 m)灌水质量进行评价,并在WinSRFR模型模拟基础上分析不同参数对最佳方案灌水质量指标的敏感性变化情况。结果表明:砂土畦田规格(80 m×25 m)较大时农田灌水效果较差,在中等流量(入畦流量Q=20 L/s、单宽流量q=0.80 L/(m·s))水平下,减少尾部25%的田间面积(改水成数从1.0降低至0.75)可节省40%的灌水时间,并可减少16%的灌溉水在水流推进过程中的渗漏损失。采用田块规格+灌水时间设计方案后灌水效果较典型田块得到显著改善,垂直分割田块(80 m×12.5 m)在较大流量水平(Q为26~30 L/s、q为2.08~2.40 L/(m·s))下灌水效率从67%~80%提升至97%~99%,灌水均匀度从0.59~0.79提高至0.84~0.95,储水效率从1.17降低至0.76,并且可以节省当前灌水时间的20%以上,中等流量(Q=20 L/s、q=1.60 L/(m·s))下在获得更优灌水质量的同时可以节省40%的灌水时间,节水效果显著。不同参数对灌水质量评价指标具有相同的变化规律,计划需水水深对灌水质量影响明显,极小单宽流量情况下灌水质量受田面坡度、畦田长度影响较小。建议灌区采用的砂土畦田规格为80 m×12.5 m,并且可根据实际不同来水流量选择所需的最佳单宽流量和灌水时间组合。Aiming at the problem of low irrigation efficiency caused by wide border fields and large blocks in the Hetao Irrigation District,in order to explore suitable technical parameters of border irrigation under changing conditions,based on the typical experiments of Shenwu Irrigation Area in Hetao Irrigation District,different irrigation design schemes were used to compare typical sandy soils.The irrigation quality of the field block(length×width was 80 m×25 m)was evaluated,and the sensitivity changes of different variable parameters to the optimal irrigation performance indicators were analyzed on the basis of the WinSRFR model simulation.The results showed that when the size of the sand border field(80 m×25 m)was large,the irrigation effect was poor,and at the medium flow rate(into the border flow Q=20 L/s,single-width flow q=0.80 L/(m·s)),reducing the field area of the tail by 25%(ie:changing the water percentage from 1.0 to 0.75)can save 40%of the irrigation time,and reduce 16%of the irrigation water leakage loss during the flow of water.After adopting the improved field size,irrigation time and irrigation design scheme,the irrigation effect was significantly improved compared with the typical field.The vertically divided field(80 m×12.5 m)was at a larger flow level(Q was 26~30 L/s,q was 2.08~2.40 L/(m·s)),irrigation efficiency was increased from 67%~80%to 97%~99%,irrigation uniformity was increased from 0.59~0.79 to 0.84~0.95,water storage efficiency was decreased from 1.17 to 0.76,and it can save more than 20%of the current irrigation time,and the medium flow rate(Q=20 L/s,q=1.60 L/(m·s))can save 40%of the irrigation time while obtaining better irrigation performance,and the water saving effect was significant.Different variable parameters had the same changing law for the irrigation performance evaluation index.The planned water demand depth had a significant impact on the irrigation performance.The irrigation performance was less affected by the slope of the field and the length of the border in the ca

关 键 词：河套灌区 畦灌 灌水质量 敏感性 WinSRFR模型 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]