有机无机氮配施对玉米产量和硝态氮淋失的影响  

Evaluation of Organic-Inorganic Nitrogen Application on Maize Yield and Nitrogen Leaching by DNDC Model

作　　者：周慧 史海滨[1,2] 张文聪 王维刚 苏永德 闫妍 ZHOU Hui;SHI Haibin;ZHANG Wencong;WANG Weigang;SU Yongde;YAN Yan(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot 010018,China;Institute of Agricultural Water Conservancy and Soil and Water Environment in Arid Region,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古农业大学旱区农业节水与水土环境研究所,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第9期291-301,249,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51769024);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51539005)。

摘　　要：为获取玉米高产和减少氮素淋失的合理有机无机配施模式,通过田间试验和脱氮-分解模型(DeNitrification-DeComposition,DNDC)模拟,研究了有机氮替代不同比例无机氮对玉米产量和硝态氮淋失的影响。玉米田间试验在内蒙古河套灌区进行,设置了6个处理,包括不施氮(CK)、单施无机氮(U1)以及用有机氮替代25%、50%、75%和100%无机氮(U3O1、U1O1、U1O3、O1)。利用2018-2020年的U1处理对模型进行了校准,用其他处理进行验证。结果表明,该模型能较好地模拟作物产量(标准均方根误差小于5%)和硝态氮淋失量(标准均方根误差小于15%)。此外,利用该模型模拟评估不同管理措施对玉米产量和硝态氮淋失量发现,在U1处理的基础上,增加无机氮施用量会导致作物产量下降,同时也会显著增加硝态氮淋失量;增加有机氮施用量、灌水量、无机氮分施次数会增加玉米产量和硝态氮淋失量。在等施氮量240 kg/hm^(2)条件下,随着有机氮施入比例增加,玉米产量呈先升后降的趋势,硝态氮淋失量呈逐渐降低的态势。综合来看,有机无机氮配施比例为3∶2时,作物产量达到最高值(12578 kg/hm^(2)),硝态氮淋失量(15.7 kg/hm^(2))也在可接受水平,可确定为该地区较优有机无机氮配施模式。With the aim to obtain a reasonable organic-inorganic fertilizer combination for high maize yield and reduce nitrogen leaching loss,field experiments and simulation were conducted by using the DeNitrification-DeComposition(DNDC)model to study the effect of replacing inorganic nitrogen with different ratios of organic nitrogen on maize yield and nitrate leaching loss.Six treatments were applied:no nitrogen(CK),only inorganic nitrogen(U1),and inorganic nitrogen with 25%,50%,and 75%organic nitrogen(U3O1,U1O1,and U1O3),and only organic nitrogen(O1).The model was calibrated by using U1 treatment from^(2)018 to 2020 and it was verified by using the other treatments.The results showed that the DNDC model accurately simulated crop yield(NRMSE<5%)and nitrate nitrogen leaching loss(NRMSE<15%).In addition,the model was used to simulate and evaluate the effects of different management measures on maize yield and nitrate leaching.On the basis of the U1 treatment,the results revealed that increasing the application of inorganic nitrogen can decrease crop yield and significantly increase nitrate leaching.Increases in the amount of organic nitrogen,irrigation and frequency of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer application can increase maize yield and nitrate nitrogen leaching loss.With a pure nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/hm^(2),as the proportion of organic nitrogen was increased,maize yield was first increased and then decreased,and nitrate nitrogen leached loss was gradually decreased.Overall,when the ratio of organic-inorganic nitrogen was 3∶2,crop yield reached the highest value(12578 kg/hm^(2)),and nitrate nitrogen leaching loss was also acceptable(15.7 kg/hm^(2)).This ratio was the optimal combination of organic and inorganic nitrogen for the study area.

关 键 词：玉米 产量 硝态氮淋失 有机无机氮配施 DNDC模型 

分 类 号：S3[农业科学—农艺学]