养水机对刺参池塘理化参数和细菌丰度的影响  

Effects of Jet Water Mixer on physicochemical parameters and bacterial abundance in Apostichopus japonicus pond

作　　者：张东升 王祖峰[3] 周玮[1] ZHANG Dongsheng;WANG Zufeng;ZHOU Wei(College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Dalian Ocean University/Key Laboratory of Marieulture&Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Dalian 116023,China;National Fisheries Technology Extension Center/China Society of Fisheries,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]大连海洋大学/农业农村部北方海水增养殖重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [3]全国水产技术推广总站/中国水产学会,北京100125

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2021年第6期85-92,共8页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：辽宁省科学计划项目(2018104009);辽宁省“兴辽人才”项目(XLYC1808029);大连市重点领域创新团队支持计划项目(2019Rt11)。

摘　　要：养水机是一套能打破温、盐跃层的水质改良设备。为评价养水机对池塘水质的改良效果,该研究于大连庄河刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖场,以自然纳潮和微孔曝气池塘为对照,对养水机池塘8项理化参数[温度、盐度、pH、溶解氧(DO)、总氨氮(TAN)、亚硝态氮(NO_(2)^(−)-N)、活性磷酸盐(PO_(4)^(3+)-P)和沉积物有机质(TOM)]以及环境中活的异养菌、可培养弧菌的周年动态进行了监测,旨在对养水机净化水质效能进行评价。结果表明,与对照组相比,养水机池塘水中TAN、NO_(2)^(−)-N质量浓度在3—11月均最低(NO_(2)^(−)-N质量浓度6月除外),PO_(4)^(3+)-P质量浓度在3—8月最高,沉积物中TOM各月质量分数均最低(P<0.05),在温、盐跃层期,养水机能显著提高水体溶解氧质量浓度(P<0.05);与微孔曝气池塘相比,在8~9个月期间养水机均能促进池塘中活的异养菌生长,抑制弧菌生长。养水机在春、夏、秋季具有改善刺参养殖池塘水质和显著降低水中弧菌的良好效果,以及显著降低全年沉积物TOM的能力,在刺参养殖场具有较好的应用前景。Jet Water Mixer(JWM)is a set of new water quality improvement equipment.To evaluate the effects of JWM on the pond water quality improvement,we monitored eight physicochemical parameters,including temperature,salinity,pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),total ammonia nitrogen(TAN),nitrous nitrogen(NO_(2)^(−)-N),phosphate(PO_(4)^(3+)-P),contents of sediment organic matter(TOM),abundance of living heterotrophic bacteria and culturable vibrio in the ponds of Dalian Zhuanghe Sea Cucumber Farm.The results show that compared with the control group,the contents of TAN and NO_(2)^(−)-N were the lowest from March to November except for NO_(2)^(−)-N in June;the PO_(4)^(3-)-P content was the highest from March to August in JWM pond;the TOM content was the lowest in the sediment in each month(P<0.05).At thermocline and halocline stage,JWM increased the DO content significantly.JWM promoted the growth of living heterotrophic bacteria and restrained the growth of Vibrio as long as 8−9 months.It is concluded that JWM can improve water quality and reduce abundance of Vibrio in the water in spring,summer and autumn significantly,and reduce TOM content throughout the year,so it has a good application prospect in the cultivation of sea cucumbers.

关 键 词：养水机 总氨氮 亚硝态氮 异养菌 弧菌 水质净化 刺参养殖 

分 类 号：S967.4[农业科学—水产养殖]