“真实财富”与“普遍富裕”:亚当·斯密的财富观  

“Real Wealth”and“General Opulence”:A Case Study of Adam Smith's View of Wealth

作　　者：杨芳 YANG Fang

机构地区：[1]西藏民族大学,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2021年第4期38-57,M0003,共21页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“近代苏格兰经济转型研究”(19BSS021)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：亚当·斯密的政治经济学始终围绕着财富及富裕展开。他将一国土地和劳动的年产物喻为“真实财富”,把惠及每个成员的“普遍富裕”视为社会繁荣进步的标志,由此展开对重商主义的批判和对重农主义的扬弃,探讨节俭、奢侈与普遍富裕之间的内在关系,论述财富的本质、增值路径和分配方式,以及普遍富裕与自由和正义的共生关系,为倡导“自然自由体系”和揭示“看不见的手”这一市场规律做好理论准备。追溯他的财富观,有助于理解苏格兰启蒙思想家将经济引入政治学领域的开创性贡献。Adam Smith's political economy had always been about wealth and opulence.He regarded the annual produce of land and labour in a country as“real wealth”,and took general opulence that benefited every member as a sign of social progress.In order to make a theoretical preparation for advocating“the system of natural liberty”and revealing the market principle of“the invisible hand”,he launched a thorough criticism of mercantilism and a rational sublation of physiocratism,and explored the inner relationship between thrift,luxury and general opulence.Tracing Adam Smith's view of wealth is of great significance to understand the pioneering contribution of Scottish Enlightenment thinkers in bringing economics into the field of political science.

关 键 词：亚当·斯密 真实财富 普遍富裕 自然自由 

分 类 号：F091.33[经济管理—政治经济学]