有效积温与不同氮磷钾处理夏玉米株高和叶面积指数定量化关系  

Quantitative Relationship Between Effective Accumulated Temperature and Plant Height&Leaf Area Index of Summer Maize Under Different Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Levels

作　　者：陈杨 王磊[1] 白由路[1] 卢艳丽[1] 倪露 王玉红 徐孟泽 CHEN Yang;WANG Lei;BAI YouLu;LU YanLi;NI Lu;WANG YuHong;XU MengZe(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第22期4761-4777,共17页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31572207);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132020038);中国农业科学院科技创新工程。

摘　　要：【目的】探究基于有效积温的不同氮磷钾处理夏玉米株高和叶面积指数(LAI)的生长动态预测模型及其特征参数,以期为利用有效积温定量模拟夏玉米生长发育动态提供理论依据。【方法】在河北廊坊两年大田试验(2019—2020年)基础上,以郑单958为试验材料,分为氮、磷、钾3个单因素肥效试验,每个因素设4个水平,分别为不施肥、低肥、适量肥和高肥处理。采用Logistic模型拟合不同氮磷钾营养水平下夏玉米株高和叶面积指数基于有效积温的动态方程,并利用增长速率曲线及其特征参数定量分析了夏玉米生长发育特征。【结果】(1)在本试验条件下,与其他处理相比,适量施肥处理(N2、P2和K2)夏玉米株高最大值均为最大。过量施用钾肥对夏玉米最大株高有显著的抑制作用。适量施肥处理夏玉米株高进入平台期所需积温为952.43—958.83℃·d。适量施肥能有效增加夏玉米叶面积指数,养分过量或过少均影响叶面积的形成。适量施肥处理夏玉米叶面积指数进入平台期所需积温为849.18—952.43℃·d。(2)各施肥处理条件下以有效积温为自变量建立的夏玉米株高和叶面积指数方程的拟合度R 2分别为0.9949—0.9970和0.9840—0.9939,方程均达到极显著水平,具有生物学意义。基于有效积温的株高拟合方程得出的模拟值和实测值的相关系数(r)在0.9961—0.9983;基于有效积温的叶面积指数拟合方程的模拟值和实测值的r在0.9815—0.9981。(3)各施肥条件下,夏玉米株高和叶面积指数增长速率均表现为“单峰曲线”,适量施肥处理条件下,增长速率曲线呈现上升快下降也快的特点,不施氮肥、不施磷肥和不施钾肥处理增长速率曲线呈现上升慢下降也慢的特点。(4)适量施肥处理条件下夏玉米株高进入快增期积温、进入缓增期积温和达到最大增长速率积温分别为394.17、776.63和585.40℃·d,均与N0、P0和K0处�【Objective】In order to explore the growth dynamic prediction model and its characteristic parameters of summer maize plant height and leaf area index(LAI)based on effective accumulated temperature with different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium treatments,in order to provide a theoretical basis for using effective accumulated temperature to quantitatively simulate the growth and development of summer maize.【Method】Based on the two-year field experiment in Langfang,Hebei province(2019-2020),this study uses Zhengdan 958 as the experimental material and is divided into three single-factor fertilizer efficiency experiments of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium.Each factor is set at 4 levels,respectively no fertilizer,low fertilizer,moderate fertilizer and high fertilizer treatments.The Logistic mathematical model was used to fit the dynamic equation of summer maize plant height and leaf area index based on effective accumulated temperature under different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrition levels,and the growth rate curve and its characteristic parameters were used to quantitatively analyze the growth and development characteristics of summer maize.【Result】(1)Under the conditions of this experiment,compared with other treatments,the maximum summer corn plant height was the largest in the treatments with proper amount of fertilizer(N2,P2 and K2).Excessive application of potassium fertilizer has a significant inhibitory effect on the maximum plant height of summer corn.Appropriate fertilization treatment of summer maize plant height requires accumulated temperature of 952.43-958.83℃·d.proper fertilization can effectively increase summer maize leaf area index,and excessive or insufficient nutrients will affect the formation of leaf area.Appropriate fertilization treatment of summer maize leaf area index required accumulated temperature to enter the plateau period is 849.18-952.43℃·d.(2)The fit R2 of the summer maize plant height and leaf area index equations established with effective accumula

关 键 词：夏玉米 有效积温 LOGISTIC模型 氮磷钾 株高 叶面积指数 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]