细菌转录起始调控机制  

Research on the Regulation Mechanism of Bacterial Transcription Initiation

作　　者：卜恺璇 周翠霞 路福平 朱传合[1] BU Kai-xuan;ZHOU Cui-xia;LU Fu-ping;ZHU Chuan-he(College of Food Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China;College of Biology and Brewery Engineering,Taishan University,Tai’an 271000,China;College of Bioengineering,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology,Ministry of Education,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学食品科学与工程学院,泰安271018 [2]泰山学院生物与酿酒工程学院,泰安271000 [3]天津科技大学生物工程学院工业发酵微生物教育部重点实验室,天津300457

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2021年第11期89-99,共11页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2100402);泰安市科技创新发展项目(2020GX029)资助项目。

摘　　要：原核生物同一种群的每个细胞都是和外界环境直接接触的,它们主要通过开启或关闭某些基因的表达来适应环境条件。所以,环境因子往往是调控的效应因子,必须严格调控转录来确保细胞对环境改变做出有效且充分的反应。原核生物基因的表达受多种因素的调控,而对于大多数细菌来说,调控基因表达的关键步骤是启动子识别和RNA聚合酶启动转录。在细菌的细胞中,可以通过调节RNA聚合酶的活性以及改变RNA聚合酶对启动子的结合来优化基因的转录过程以适应不同环境变化。总结了目前已发现的参与细菌细胞转录调节的各类因子,从这些因子对启动子的作用、RNA聚合酶的作用以及两者的相互作用等方面阐述它们调控基因表达的分子机制。总结多种基因调控的作用,加深对转录起始过程的认识,希望能对未来调控转录起始过程来实现目标基因的高效表达和不利基因的抑制表达提供思路,为以后的工业菌株改造提供依据。In prokaryotes and eukaryotes,the regulatory systems are very different and they usually change with the environment.Environmental factors play an important role in gene expression in prokaryotes because every cell in a population of prokaryotes is in direct contact with the environment,which leads to the adaptation by turning certain genes on or off.Therefore,environmental factors are often regulatory effectors,and transcription must be rigorously regulated to ensure that cells respond effectively and adequately to environmental changes.Thus,the regulation of gene expression is crucial to the overall fitness of the cell.The expression of prokaryotic genes is regulated by many factors,and transcription can be roughly divided into three main stages:initiation,extension and termination.For most bacteria,the key steps to regulate gene expression are promoter recognition in the process of transcription initiation and RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.The formation of the transcription initiation complex between RNA polymerase and promoter DNA is the most important regulatory process of bacterial gene expression.Promoters control the transcription of all genes,and the regulation of most promoters is complex.Promoter activity is determined by sequence elements that optimize promoter strength,and strong promoters usually have elements similar to the common sequence.Since the expression level of most transcription units is dependent on environmental inputs,many transcription factors are involved.Transcription factors involve RNA polymerases in different states,promote desired RNA polymerase function and regulate RNA polymerase activity.Each transcription unit is controlled by a regulatory region containing at least one promoter,usually located upstream of the first readable frame.These regulatory regions contain sequence elements that interact with RNA polymerases,as well as binding targets for different transcription factors involved in regulation.Transcription initiation requires the interaction of RNA polymeras

关 键 词：转录过程 调控 RNA聚合酶 启动子 调节因子 

分 类 号：Q812[生物学—生物工程]