军曹鱼的胚胎发育及仔稚鱼形态观察  

Embryonic development and morphological characteristics of larvae and juveniles of cobia(Rachycentron canadum)

作　　者：邝杰华 陈刚[1,2] 马骞 黄建盛 张健东[1,2] 施钢 王忠良[1,2] 汤保贵 KUANG Jiehua;CHEN Gang;MA Qian;HUANG Jiansheng;ZHANG Jiandong;SHI Gang;WANG Zhongliang;TANG Baogui(College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524025,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory,Zhanjiang 524025,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524025 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江),广东湛江524025

出　　处：《水产学报》2021年第11期1814-1824,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-47);广东海洋大学科研启动经费专项(R19022);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江)(ZJW-2019-06)。

摘　　要：为了探明军曹鱼早期发育阶段的特征和规律,本实验通过连续显微观察,记录分析其胚胎及仔稚鱼发育各时期的形态特征和发育特点。结果显示,军曹鱼受精卵呈圆球形,为浮性卵,卵径(1.245±0.065)mm,油球1个,油球直径(0.325±0.027)mm。在水温(27.0±0.5)℃、盐度29、pH值8.3的条件下,军曹鱼卵从受精至孵化出膜约需26 h 30 min,经历合子、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成和孵化出膜7个阶段,共24个时期。初孵仔鱼平均全长(3.254±0.096)mm,仔鱼在孵化后第3天开口摄食,眼囊变黑,卵黄囊被消耗约80%,第5天卵黄囊消失,第7天油球耗尽,转化为外源性营养。孵化后第14天全长(19.933±1.118)mm,各鳍鳍条形成,进入稚鱼期;22日龄稚鱼全长(41.140±3.779)mm,尾柄部开始出现鳞片,46日龄的后期稚鱼全长达(116.667±5.916)mm,体表完全覆盖鳞片,除尾鳍形状外,体形与成鱼相似。Cobia(Rachycentron canadum) is a highly prized recreational species worldwide as well as a promising candidate for aquaculture because of its rapid growth rate, strong disease resistance and high quality flesh. Studying the morphometrics and physiology of embryos, larvae and juveniles to obtain information about their early life history is the first step and key to the successful aquaculture of a fish species. In order to find out the characteristics and rules of the early development stages of cobia, the morphological characteristics and developmental characteristics of embryo, larvae and juvenile were studied by microscopic observation. The fertilized eggs obtained by artificial spawning were spherically shaped and buoyant, there was an oil globule in the centre, with an egg diameter of(1.245±0.065) mm and an oil globule diameter of(0.325±0.027) mm. The fertilized eggs hatched 26 h 30 min after fertilization in the sea water at(27.0±0.5)℃, salinity of 29 and pH of 8.3. The embryonic development process was divided into 7 stages, including fertilized egg stage, the cleavage stage, the blastocyst stage, the gastrula stage, the neurula stage, the organogenesis stage and the hatching stage(totally 24 developing periods). The total length(TL) of newly hatched larvae was(3.254±0.096) mm. The larvae opened their mouths and exhibited blackened eyes at 3 days post hatching(dph) with a TL of(4.453±0.267) mm, meanwhile, the yolk-sac decreased in volume by approximately 80%. The yolk-sac and oil globule were completely depleted at 5 dph(TL of 6.007 mm±0.171 mm) and 7 dph(TL of 8.173 mm±0.317 mm) respectively, and the larvae completely entered the exogenous nutritional stage. The intestine of the newly hatched larvae was thin, short, and straight, and the intestinal physiological curve formed at 9 dph when the larvae were(10.053±0.594) mm in TL. The larvae started to develop into juveniles at 14 dph(TL of 19.933 mm±1.118 mm) when the development of the dorsal fin, pectoral fin, anal fin and caudal fin was complet

关 键 词：军曹鱼 胚胎发育 仔鱼 稚鱼 形态特征 

分 类 号：S965.3[农业科学—水产养殖]