多元社会参与及家庭支持对中国老年人心理健康的影响研究  

A study on the impact of diversified social involvement and family support on the mental health of elderly people in China

作　　者：陈洁瑶 方亚[1] 曾雁冰[1,2] CHEN Jie-yao;FANG Ya;ZENG Yan-bing(School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen Fujian 361102, China;School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共卫生学院,福建厦门361102 [2]首都医科大学公共卫生学院,北京100069

出　　处：《中国卫生政策研究》2021年第10期45-51,共7页Chinese Journal of Health Policy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71874147)。

摘　　要：目的:了解不同社会参与类型和家庭支持对老年人心理健康的影响及交互作用,为促进老年人心理健康提供决策依据。方法:基于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据筛选获得12686名老年人,使用描述性分析、Pearson相关性检验、二元logistic回归模型研究不同社会参与、家庭支持特征的老年人心理健康现状及相关性,分析其对老年人积极、消极情绪的影响,探讨多元社会参与类型间的交互作用。结果:有社会参与和家庭支持的老年人心理健康较好的发生比高达5.72%~17.50%;休闲娱乐型、社会交往型社会参与及与家人同住对老年人心理健康有显著促进效应,且该两类社会参与间存在显著交互作用,家务型社会参与则对心理健康有负向影响。结论:不同类型社会参与对老年人心理健康的影响存在差异和部分互替性,与家人同住为代表的家庭支持能显著改善老年人的心理健康水平,应鼓励老年人更多地参与社会活动、与家人共同居住,以提高老年人的积极情绪,降低消极情绪的发生风险。Objective:To understand the impact and interactive effects of different types of social involvement and family support on the mental health of elderly people,so as to provide references for formulating strategies to promote the mental health of elderly people.Methods:Statistics of 12686 elderly people were extracted by screening the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)data.By using the descriptive analysis,Pearson correlation test and binary logistic regression model,we summarized the current mental health status of elderly people with different patterns of social involvement and family support,studied their correlation,analyzed how social involvement and family support affected the positive and negative emotions of the elderly people,and explored the interactive effects among diversified types of social involvement.Results:The incidence ratio of better mental health in elderly people was 5.72%~17.50%higher in the presence of social participation and family support.Elderly people's mental health was significantly enhanced by recreational and networking types of social involvement as well as living with family,among which the two types of social involvement was found to have a significant synergistic effect.However,housework type of social involvement was found to have a negative effect on elderly people's mental health.Conclusions:Different types of social involvement had distinctive effects on elderly people's mental health,some of which were partially interchangeable.Family support,as represented by living with family,could significantly improve elderly people's mental health.Therefore,it is recommended that elderly people should be encouraged to be more involved in social activities and live with other family members,so as to increase their positive emotions and reduce the risk of negative emotions.

关 键 词：社会参与 心理健康 家庭支持 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]