佛教观念史的方法论传统与建构意义  

The Tradition and Significance of Methodological Construction for the History of Buddhist Ideas

作　　者：圣凯[1] Sheng Kai

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院哲学系,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第6期157-164,209,共9页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：2017年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“汉传佛教僧众社会生活史”(17ZDA233)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为研究方法的佛教观念史,缘起于西方史学理论的启迪;但它何以能兼顾学术传统与佛教特殊性、又为什么在佛教研究领域优于与它极其近似的概念史方法,则是有待说明的问题。优波提舍、摩呾理迦等佛教经典体裁,展示了佛教内部的观念史传统,作为学术用语的"观念"亦与佛经原意一脉相承。观念史方法产生于对哲学思辨和社会生活之中间地带的"觉察";而佛教观念史的提出,是基于对佛教整体性、复杂性、动态性的"谛观"。斯金纳与科塞雷克提倡的概念史方法皆与佛教研究有所抵牾;且与概念相比,"观念"更符合佛教重视的价值意义。观念史作为研究和解释的方法,有助于呈现"佛学"亦宗教、亦哲学的特质,避免刻画静态化、抽象化的历史,促进还原生活世界的具体情境。The history of Buddhist ideas,as a research approach,initially drew inspiration from Western theories in historical studies.However,how can this approach fulfill the functions of giving consideration to both academic tradition and the particularity of Buddhism?Why is the approach to the history of ideas superior to its extremely similar approach to the history of concepts in the field of Buddhist studies?These questions are yet to be explained.The classical genres of Buddhist literature,such as upadesa and matrka,reveal the history of ideas in the Buddhist tradition.The word(观念),as a technical term,also comes down in one continuous line with the original intention of Buddhist scriptures.The approach to the history of ideas originates from the perception of the intermediate zone between philosophical reasoning and social living.The advocacy of the history of Buddhist ideas is based on the integrity,complexity and dynamism in scrutinizing Buddhist doctrines.Both Skinner’s and Koselleck’s approaches to the history of concepts and that of Buddhist studies contradict each other to some extent.Moreover,the idea is comparatively more in line with the significance of the value.As an interpretative approach to research,the history of ideas not only helps to present the distinguishing characteristics of Buddhist studies,both in its religious and philosophical aspects,but also helps to avoid depicting the history as static and abstract in its character,by stimulating the restoration of concrete situations in the life-world.

关 键 词：佛教观念史 观念 概念史 新文化史 

分 类 号：B949.1[哲学宗教—宗教学]