说两周金文与典籍的“高祖”“皇祖”  

Gaozu and Huangzuin Bronze Inscriptions and Classics of the Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasties

作　　者：陈民镇 Chen Minzhen

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学首都国际文化研究基地

出　　处：《出土文献》2021年第4期72-86,156,共16页Excavated Documents

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“清华简与儒家经典的形成发展研究”(16ZDA114);北京语言大学博士科研启动基金项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金,21YBB04)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在两周典籍和铜器铭文中,"高祖"并不专指某代先祖,它可泛指曾祖及以上的某位或多位先祖,亦可特指受命之君(始封之祖)或始祖。"高祖"之前,不会再列举其他先祖。"亚祖"指次一辈的先祖,并非特指某一代先祖。"高祖"与"亚祖"强调的都是世代的相对次序。在两周典籍和铜器铭文中,"皇祖"并非某一代先祖的固定指称,但被称为"皇祖"的先祖通常有重要地位并受到子孙尊崇。"皇"与"烈""文"一样,都是对先祖的美称。"高祖"与"皇祖"存在交集,二者均可指受命之君(始封之祖)或始祖。"皇祖"亦可指祖父,与"高祖"有所不同。"高祖""皇祖""亚祖""文祖""烈祖"等先祖称谓在不同材料中的分布特点值得注意。In the early classics and bronze inscriptions,gaozu高祖does not refer to a specific generation of ancestors.It can refer to one or more ancestors equal to or earlier than the generation of the great-grandfather more generally,and it can also specifically refer to the first king or the first ancestor.No other ancestors will be listed in front of gaozu.Yazu亚祖,another title for ancestors,refers to the next generation of ancestors and not to a specific generation of ancestors.Both gaozuand yazu emphasize the relative order of generations.In early classics and bronze inscriptions,huangzu皇祖is not a fixed title for a certain generation of ancestors,but the ancestors called huangzu usually had important status and were respected by their descendants.Huang皇,lie烈and wen文,are all laudatory names for the ancestors.Gaozuand huangzuare interrelated,both of which can refer to the first king or the first ancestor.Huangzucan also refer to grandfather,which is different fromgaozu.The distribution of ancestor titles such as gaozu,huangzu,yazu,wenzuand liezuin different texts deserves further attention.

关 键 词：金文 先祖称谓 高祖 皇祖 

分 类 号：K877.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]