海南省某燃煤发电企业职业健康风险综合评估  

Comprehensive risk assessment on occupational hazards of a coal-fired power generation enterprise in Hainan Province

作　　者：金蕾[1] 李宾[1] 王龙义[1] 陈玉珅[1] 陈云[1] 唐天统 阙凌云 JIN Lei;LI Bin;WANG Long-yi;CHEN Yu-shen;CHEN Yun;TANG Tian-tong;QUE Ling-yun(Occupational Health Department,Hlainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Haikou Hainan,570203,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心职业卫生室,海南海口570203

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第21期2885-2890,共6页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解海南省某燃煤发电企业的职业健康风险水平,为该行业高效控制职业病危害提供科学依据。方法 2020年8—10月选取海南省某燃煤发电企业作为研究对象,通过现场职业卫生调查和检测获得各岗位作业条件和职业病危害暴露水平,采用职业危害风险指数法对该企业7个关键岗位的职业病危害固有风险因素进行评估,将评估结果与现场检测结果、工作场所职业病危害作业分级结果及职业健康检查结果进行对比和验证;采用职业卫生管理质量评分体系对企业职业病危害风险抵消因素进行评估。结果海南省某燃煤发电企业存在的职业病危害因素主要包括煤尘、矽尘、CO、NO、NO_(2)、SO_(2)、NH_(3)、Cl_(2)、HCl、H_(2)S、N_(2)H_(4)、SF_(6)、H_(2)SO_(4)、噪声和高温等。粉尘、噪声和毒物样品检测结果超标率分别为69.61%、63.33%和0.74%。除灰渣巡检岗位接触的矽尘所致职业健康风险水平为"极度危害";锅炉巡检岗位接触的矽尘所致职业健康风险水平为"高度危害";输煤、锅炉和汽机3个巡检岗位的噪声所致职业健康风险水平为"中度危害",其余岗位为"轻度危害"或"无危害"。评估结果与现场检测结果、工作场所职业病危害作业分级结果及职业健康检查结果相符。企业职业卫生管理质量分级为"一般"。结论海南省某燃煤发电企业职业病危害关键控制因素为粉尘和噪声。企业应根据各岗位风险级别采取针对性的职业病危害控制措施,降低职业病危害风险,政府监督部门应加大对该行业的监管力度。Objective To understand the occupational health risk level of a coal-fired power generation enterprise in Hainan Province,provide a scientific basis for effectively controlling occupational hazards in the industry. Methods A coal-fired power generation enterprise in Hainan Province was selected as the research object from August to October in 2020. The operation conditions and occupational hazard exposure level of each post were obtained through on-site occupational health investigation and detection. The inherent risks of occupational hazards in seven key posts in the enterprise were evaluated by occupational hazards risk index method. Then the assessment results were compared and verified with the results of on-site detection,classification results of occupational hazards in workplace and results of occupational health examination. The occupational health management quality scoring system was used to evaluate the counteracting factors of occupational hazards in the enterprise. Results The main occupational hazards in a coal-fired power generation enterprise in Hainan Province included coal dust,silica dust,CO,NO,NO_(2),SO_(2),NH_(3),Cl_(2),HCl,H_(2)S,N_(2)H_(4),SF_(6),H_(2)SO_(4),noise and high temperature. The over standard rate of sample test results in dust,noise and toxicant was 69.61%,63.33% and 0.74%,respectively. The occupational health risk level caused by the silica dust at ash removal inspection post and boiler inspection post was "extremely hazardous" and "highly hazardous" respectively. While the occupational health risk level caused by noise from the three inspection positions of coal transportation,boiler and steam turbine were "moderate hazardous". The occupational health risk levels at the remaining posts were "slightly hazardous" or "non-hazardous". The evaluation results were consistent with results of results of on-site detection,classification results of occupational hazards in workplace and results of occupational health examination. The enterprise occupational health management quality was

关 键 词：风险评估 职业健康 职业危害风险指数法 职业卫生管理质量评分体系 

分 类 号：R1342[医药卫生—劳动卫生]