听觉中枢可塑性与耳鸣发生机制的研究进展  

Research progress in auditory center plasticity and tinnitus mechanism

作　　者：罗扬拓[1] 冯帅[1] 姜学钧[1] 龚树生[2] 柳柯[2] LUO Yangtuo;FENG Shuai;JIANG Xuejun

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科,沈阳110001 [2]首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

出　　处：《临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2021年第11期1038-1041,共4页Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head And Neck Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(No:81830030);国家自然科学基金面上项目(No:82071037)。

摘　　要：1耳鸣的概述耳鸣(Tinnitus)是指无相应的外界声刺激,但患者却可以感受到耳内或颅内产生持续或间断性声音的主观感觉。成人中约10%有过耳鸣经历,而在工人或军人中这一比例可高达15%。其中4%~5%的患者受到耳鸣的长期困扰,严重影响生活质量[1]。耳鸣可影响患者的睡眠、注意力、以及日常的认知功能,甚至导致焦虑、抑郁等严重的精神症状,而这些不良情绪又进一步使患者对耳鸣更敏感,形成恶性循环。Tinnitus is one of the most common clinical symptoms of otology, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. The mechanism of tinnitus has been studied through a cognitive progress from the periphery(cochlea) to auditory center to the limbic system. Auditory peripheral lesions, such as damages to ribbon synapses, may form excitatory deafferentation, then it induces the auditory center to start the compensatory gain, leading to an increase in excitatory response;If the damage is further aggravated, it may cause continuous enhancement of central gain effect, hyperexcitability may occur and leading to tinnitus. Besides, the limbic system may be involved in the maintenance or exacerbation of tinnitus symptoms. This paper reviews the recent researches on tinnitus mechanism and auditory center plasticity.

关 键 词：耳鸣 听觉中枢 超兴奋性 带状突触 神经可塑性 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]