考虑供应风险的多源应急物资采购双层规划模型  

Bi-level Programming Model for Multi-source Emergency Materials Procurement Considering Supply Risks

作　　者：董银红[1] 郑琪 李龙 DONG Yin-hong;ZHENG Qi;LI Long(Department of Management,South-Central University for Nationalities,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学管理学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2021年第11期170-178,共9页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助一般项目(20BGL259)。

摘　　要：自然灾害频繁发生,事故灾难不断涌现,公共卫生事件猝不及防,社会安全风险交织叠加,给人们的生产和生活带来了巨大的风险和不确定性。在突发事件背景下,考虑应急物资供应中的各类风险,激励多源应急物资的稳定供给,受到党和政府高度重视。应急物资供应有哪些风险,如何规避这些风险,针对多种渠道的采购,如何优化采购结构。这些问题是本论文关注的重点。本文以政府、制造型企业、受灾地区民众为决策主体的三级供应链为基础,构建了上层以整个供应链系统收益最大化为目标函数、下层以供应风险最小化为目标函数的双层规划模型,对不同情景下物资采购订单的分配进行研究。在此基础上,本文以某市洪涝灾害为例进行分析,证明了模型的可行性,并探究了供应风险变化对物资采购订单分配、以及整个供应链系统收益的影响,以期为政府应急物资采购决策提供参考性建议。In recent years, with the increase of the frequency of various natural disasters, the procurement of relief items has become more and more important as the basic work of emergency management. The occurrence of disasters has an important impact on the supply of emergency supplies.Therefore, the supply risk under different disaster scenarios is considered, selects multiple suppliers are selected to buffer supply risks, and then a bi-level programming model is built, in which the upper layer aims to maximize the revenue of the entire supply chain system and the lower layer aims to minimum supply risk. The bi-level programming model is used to study the allocation of emergency supplies purchase orders under different disaster scenarios to determine the different suppliers’ Optimal purchase volume.Subsequently, a city flood disaster is used as an example to prove the feasibility of the model, it is found that as supply risks increase, so does the amount of government procurement before the disaster. Therefore, when allocating purchase orders, the government can focus on pre-disaster procurement. Pre-disaster procurement of emergency supplies equivalent to the government’s storage capacity limits can both reduce procurement costs and ensure disasters. The supply of emergency materials after the accident will not cause waste of emergency materials. In addition, the government should also allocate orders according to the supplier’ssupply risks. The smaller the risk, the more orders the supplier will be allocated.

关 键 词：应急物资采购 采购订单分配 双层规划 供应风险 

分 类 号：C931[经济管理—管理学]