“网文”诞生:数据的权力与突围  

The Birth of“Wang Wen”:The Power of Data and the Breakthrough of Data Power

作　　者：许苗苗 Xu Miaomiao

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学美育研究中心,北京100048

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2021年第10期169-176,180,F0003,共10页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“数字资本主义与新媒介文艺的转型研究”(21AZW002)。

摘　　要：网络文学曾是形态多元的概念,如今却成为统一在"网文"名下的通俗长篇小说。在"网文"诞生过程中,资本以读者需求为名忽略并压制其他无利可图的文体;学术话语借命名之机规训新媒体现象,并拓展文学话语权力;不同级别媒体也通过确立选择标准和表述方式,从各自需求角度出发,加剧"网文"对"网络文学"的替代和简化。统一面貌下网文数量的不断增长,是流水线式规模化生产、通俗小说写作技巧的教学传授,以及人人皆可成"神"的造梦说辞共同运作的结果。资本主导的基于数据分析的生产方式,一方面将网文读者纳入作者行列,在消遣模式下生产;另一方面,这种"玩劳动"虽看似受制于资本,但从"本章说"等形式中言论方向不受控制的演变来看,网民个性化的使用和演绎,也为突破数据权力提供了可能。Internet literature was once a concept with multiple meanings.However,nowadays in most conditions,it is used to refer online fiction only,and its name is simplified as"Wang Wen".The birth of this simplified"Wang Wen"was delivered by the following forces.Capital ignored and suppressed unprofitable literary styles in the name of readers’choice.Literacy institution took the opportunity of naming new media phenomenon to expand its own power.Media at different levels intensified the substitution and simplification of"Wangluo Wenxue"by"Wang Wen"through selection criteria and expression methods.The continuous growth of unified online fictions is the result of the joint operation of large-scale production,fiction writing skills teaching,and the dream-making rhetoric.On the one hand,the capital-led production makes the readers as co-authors,and dresses their labor as play.On the other hand,although this"Play Labor"seems to be controlled by data-based capital,the ways netizens use it are still uncontrolled.Therefore,the personalized use and interpretation are cultivating the possibility to break through the power of data.

关 键 词：网络文学 网文 数据库消费 数据权力 

分 类 号：I207.425[文学—中国文学]