试析安哥拉卡宾达飞地的跨界族群问题及治理困境  

An analysis of the transboundary ethnic problems and governance difficulties in the enclave of Cabinda in Angola

作　　者：邓荣秀 刘鸿武 DENG Rongxiu;LIU Hongwu(Center for African Studies,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;Institute of African Studies,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学非洲研究中心,昆明650091 [2]浙江师范大学非洲研究院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《世界地理研究》2021年第6期1140-1150,共11页World Regional Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(21ZDA129);云南大学“边疆治理与地缘政治”学科特区研究生项目。

摘　　要：跨界族群以及由此造成的分离主义运动一直是民族学、社会学与国际关系等学科研究的重点议题。本研究对安哥拉卡宾达飞地分离主义运动的研究着重探讨特殊地理位置为安哥拉政府带来的治理困境。对卡宾达分离主义运动的发展历史进行回顾,发现跨界族群问题是卡宾达分离主义运动产生的根源,而飞地属性则从不同角度增加了安哥拉在治理该问题上的难度,主要表现为未能使当地人产生对安哥拉的国家认同,大幅降低了外部干涉难度以及难以满足该地居民的发展诉求。本研究还认为跨界族群的分离主义思潮看似合理,但其文化特殊性并不一定能转化为分离主义运动的政治合理性。虽然非洲国家很多现有边界存在不合理之处,但对它的改变未必能让跨界族群获得更好的社会经济发展。另外,边界对分离主义组织运行模式的影响也是一个值得深入研究的议题。Transboundary ethnic groups and the separatism movement caused by them have always been the key issues in ethnology, sociology and international relations. This paper studies the secessionist movement in the Enclave of Cabinda in Angola, and focuses on the governance dilemma brought by its special geographical location to the Angolan government. On the basis of reviewing the history of the Cabinda separatist movement, this paper argues that the issue of transboundary ethnic groups is the root cause of Cabinda separatist movement, and that the enclave characteristics increases the difficulty of governing the issue in Angola from different angles. This is reflected in the failure to make the local people have national identity in Angola,greatly reducing the difficulty of external interference and making the development demands of the local residents hard to be satisfied. This paper also argues that the secessionist ideological trend of transboundary ethnic groups seems reasonable, but its cultural particularity does not necessarily translate into the political rationality of the secessionist movement. At the same time, although many existing borders in African countries are unreasonable, changes to them are unlikely to lead to better economic and social development for transboundary ethnic groups. In addition, the influence of borders on the operating mode of separatist organizations should be a topic worthy of further study.

关 键 词：安哥拉 卡宾达 分离主义 跨界族群 飞地 

分 类 号：D747.4[政治法律—政治学] C95[政治法律—中外政治制度]