新疆野杏细菌性穿孔病发生的影响因素研究  

Study on the Influencing Factors of Bacterial Shot-Hole Disease in Wild Apricot in Xinjiang

作　　者：徐方媛[1] 魏佳乐 汪晓艺 廖康[1] XU Fang-yuan;WEI Jia-le;WANG Xiao-yi;LIAO Kang(College of Forestry&Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2021年第4期300-306,共7页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501504);新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科基金(2016-10758-3)。

摘　　要：新疆伊犁野果林野杏细菌性穿孔病发生严重,影响了野杏的正常生长,威胁野生果树种质资源的繁衍与更新。以新疆伊犁地区野果林野杏为研究对象,调查2019~2020年细菌性穿孔病周年发生消长规律,环境温度、湿度、降雨量、海拔、树龄等因素对野杏细菌性穿孔病的影响。结果表明,野杏细菌性穿孔病从每年4月开始发病,经过5月、6月温度和湿度不断升高的时期,野杏的发病率和病情指数不断升高,7月细菌性穿孔病到达发病最严重的时期,随后8月、9月病害的发生趋于平缓降低。2019年和2020年湿度和降雨量变化较大,对病害的影响不显著。结合相关性分析发现,环境平均温度可以极显著的影响细菌性穿孔病的发生,湿度和降雨量对病害发生的影响不显著。高海拔和低海拔区域野杏的发病程度区别不大,基本一致。野杏老龄树的发病率和病情指数都高于幼龄树,树势减弱会造成细菌性穿孔病病原菌的侵染。Bacterial shot-hole of wild apricot in Yili wild fruit forest occurred seriously,which affected the normal growth of the fruit and threatened the reproduction and renewal of wild fruit germplasm resources.This project took the wild apricot in Tianshan wild fruit forest in Yili area of Xinjiang as research object to investigate the annual occurrence and fluctuation of bacterial shot-hole disease in 2019 and 2020.Also,the effects of environmental temperature,humidity,rainfall,altitude,and tree age of wild apricot on bacterial shot-hole disease were investigated.The results showed that the incidence of bacterial shot-hole of wild apricot began in April,and the incidence and disease index of wild apricot increased with the increasing temperature and humidity in May and June.The incidence of bacterial shot-hole reached the most serious stage in July,and then decreased gently in August and September.The changes of humidity and rainfall in 2019 and 2020 were large and had no significant effect on the disease.Based on the correlation analysis of environmental factor,it was found that temperature could significantly affect the occurrence of bacterial shot-hole disease,humidity and rainfall could also affect the occurrence of the disease.The incidence of disease at high altitude and low altitude was basically the same.The incidence and disease index of aged wild apricot trees were higher than those of young trees.To sum up,temperature can significantly affect the occurrence of disease;Humidity and tree age could affect the occurrence and development of bacterial shot-hole disease,and altitude had no significant effect on the disease.

关 键 词：野杏 细菌性穿孔病 温湿度 

分 类 号：S436.629[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]