1MWth火星表面热管熔盐堆堆芯初步中子学设计  

Core preliminary neutronics design of a martian surface molten salt reactor with 1MWth

作　　者：胡光 崔德阳 卢林远 李晓晓[1,3] 陈金根[1,2,3] 蔡翔舟[1,2,3] HU Guang;CUI Deyang;LU Linyuan;LI Xiaoxiao;CHEN Jingen;CAI Xiangzhou(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;CAS Innovative Academy in TMSR Energy System,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院先进核能创新研究院,上海201800

出　　处：《核技术》2021年第12期97-106,共10页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(No.XDA02010000);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC016);中国科学院上海应用物理研究所育新计划(No.E1550510)资助。

摘　　要：核反应堆由于其能量密度高、功率质量比高和尺寸小等优点,成为未来载人火星探测任务的主要能源供给。为此,结合熔盐堆与高温热管技术,提出了寿期大于5 a的1 MWth火星表面热管熔盐堆(Martian Surface Molten Salt Reactor,(MS)2R)方案。采用MCNP(Monte Carlo N particle Transport Code)和MOBAT开展了(MS)2R的堆芯尺寸和反应性控制的优化设计,给出了堆芯物理设计参数:堆芯的高度和直径分别为90.94 cm和88.94 cm,富集铀装量为146.08 kg,堆本体质量为2.09×10^(3)kg;反应性控制的控制鼓采用厚度1.8 cm、包角120°的B4C(10B含量为90%)中子吸收体。分析结果表明:(MS)2R可实现满功率(1 MWth)运行5 a,并满足堆芯最小化、轻量化的需求;控制鼓布置能够满足反应堆寿期内的临界安全要求,且热管数量能够满足传热安全限值。本研究可为火星表面热管熔盐堆提供设计参考。[Background]Nuclear reactors have become the main energy supply for future manned Mars exploration missions due to their high energy density,high power-mass ratio and small size.Heat pipe molten salt reactor is an innovative concept combining molten salt reactor and high temperature heat pipe technology.[Purpose]This study aims to carry out preliminary neutronics design of a martian surface molten salt reactor(MS)2R core with 1 MWth and a lifetime longer than 5 a.[Methods]First of all,the core model of(MS)2R was estabished according to the requirements.It mainly included active zone(including fuel salt and heat pipe),active zone wall,reflector,reactor vessel,etc.Then,the MCNP(Monte Carlo N particle Transport Code)and MOBAT were used to optimize the core size and reactivity control of(MS)2R.[Results]The physical design parameters of the core are obtained:the height and diameter of the core are 90.94 cm and 88.94 cm,respectively,the uranium inventory is 146.08 kg,and the core mass is 2.09×10^(3)kg.Reactivity control is achieved by a control drum system,in which the B4C(10B enrichment is90%)with a thickness of 1.8 cm and a wrap angle of 120°is used as the neutron absorber.[Conclusions]The control drum arrangement can meet the critical safety requirements during the lifecycle of(MS)2R under full power(1 MWth)operation for five years,and the number of heat pipes can meet the heat transfer safety limit.This study provides a basic theoretical reference for the design of planet surface molten salt reactor.

关 键 词：熔盐堆 高温热管 控制鼓 

分 类 号：TL426[核科学技术—核技术及应用]