川中丘陵区人工柏木林不同间伐强度效果评价  

Evaluation on the Effect of Different Thinning Intensities on Artificial Cypress Plantation in Hilly Areas of Central Sichuan

作　　者：陈俊华[1] 张鑫 谢天资[1] 龚固堂[1] 王琛 慕长龙[1] CHEN Junhua;ZHANG Xin;XIE Tianzi;GONG Gutang;WANG Chen;MU Changlong(Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland,Sichuan Academy of Forestry,Chengdu 610081,China;Jiajiang Natural Resources Bureau,Jiajiang 614199,China;Forestry Bureau of Guangyuan,Guangyuan 628000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省林业科学研究院森林与湿地生态恢复与保育四川重点实验室,四川成都610081 [2]夹江县自然资源局,四川夹江614199 [3]广元市林业局,四川广元628000

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2021年第6期11-20,共10页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：世行贷款长江上游森林生态系统恢复项目科技成果推广或科研课题研究项目“柏木人工纯林结构优化增效技术研究”。

摘　　要：为提高川中丘陵区大量人工柏木林(Cupressus funebris)的生态、经济功能,开展不同强度抚育间伐试验,探讨适宜间伐强度和林分密度,为该区域的低效防护林质量精准提升和可持续经营提供科学参考。选取35~40年,郁闭度≥0.8,林下灌木盖度≤20%,草本盖度≤30%的人工柏木林作为研究对象,采用随机区组方法,设置3种间伐强度(10%~15%,16%~25%,26%~35%)和对照(不间伐)。对间伐12年后的林分按不同强度各设置大小为20m×20m的样地5个,共计20个。分别调查、测定林分乔木生长因子、林下灌草生物多样性、林下天然更新幼苗、枯落物蓄积量和持水性能、土壤理化性质。最后基于主成份分析法对样地进行综合评价。(1)间伐后,可明显促进保留乔木的生长。与对照相比,10%~15%,16%~25%,26%~35%的树高、胸径和蓄积连年生长分别提高4.48%、17.91%、58.21%,49.06%、122.64%、201.89%和18.21%、53.30%、95.24%。(2)不同间伐强度林下灌木、草本的丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数均高于对照。尤以26~35%最为明显,其林下灌木、草本的丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数分别比对照增加了68.00%、108.00%、131.23%、78.74%、134.98%、179.73%。(3)不同间伐强度各级幼苗的数量均大于对照。以26~35%为例,<10cm、10~30cm、30~50cm、50~150cm天然更新幼苗数量分别比对照高83.78%、80.00%、83.33%、72.09%。(4)总枯落物蓄积量按大小顺序为26%~35%(3.86±0.10T.hm^(−2))>16%~25%(2.93±0.07T.hm^(−2))>10%~15%(2.06±0.13T.hm^(−2))>对照(1.40±0.06T.hm^(−2))。不同间伐强度枯落物的最大持水率、最大拦蓄量和有效拦蓄量均高于对照。26%~35%的最大持水率、最大拦蓄量和有效拦蓄量分别是对照的1.54倍、2.75倍和2.76倍。(5)土壤容重按由小到大的顺序排列为26%~35%<16%~25%<10%~15%<对照。土壤毛管孔隙度按大小排列为26%~35%>16%~25%>10%~15%>对照。土壤饱和持水量按大小排列�In order to improve the ecological and economic functions of massive artificial cypress plantations in the hilly areas of central Sichuan,thinning experiments with different intensities were carried out to explore the suitable thinning intensity and stand density,which provided scientific reference for the precise improvement of the quality of low efficiency protective forest and sustainable management in this area.The artificial cypress plantations with canopy density≥0.8,understory shrub coverage≤20%,herb coverage≤30%in 35−40 years were selected as the research objects,and three thinning intensities(10%−15%,15%−25%,25%−35%)and control(no thinning)were set up by random block method.20 sample plots(5 for each thinning intensity)with the size of 20 m×20 m were set up after 12 years of thinning.Tree stand growth factors,shrub and grass biodiversity,natural regeneration seedlings,litter accumination and water holding-capacity,soil physical and chemical properties were investigated and measured.Finally,the sample plots were evaluated comprehensively based on principal component analysis.The results showed that:(1)The growth of the remaining trees was significantly promoted after thinning.Compared with the control,the current annual increment of tree height,DBH and volume in thinned forest stands increased by 4.48%,17.91%,58.21%,49.06%,122.64%,201.89%and 18.21%,53.30%and 95.24%for thinning intensity of 10%−15%,16%−25%,26%−35%,respectively.(2)The richness,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index of shrubs and herbs in thinned forests were higher than those of the control.Particularly,for thinning intensity of 26%−35%,the richness of shrubs and herbs,Simpson index and Shannon−Wiener index increased by 68.00%、108.00%、131.23%、78.74%、134.98%and 179.73%,respectively compared with the control.(3)The number of seedlings in each height grade in thinned forests was higher than that of the control.Taking thinning intensity of 26%−35%as an example,the number of natural regeneration seedlings of<10

关 键 词：川中丘陵区 人工柏木林 间伐强度 主成分分析 综合评价 

分 类 号：S791.41[农业科学—林木遗传育种]