地球深部流体的基本特性及其能源效应  

Deep earth fluids:Basic characteristics and energy effects

作　　者：罗群[1] 李靖[1] 雷祥辉 许倩 代兵 马文彧 秦伟 袁珍珠 Luo Qun;li Jing;Lei Xianghui;Xu Qian;Dai Bin;Ma Wenyu;Qin Wei;Yuan Zhengzhu(Institute of Unconventional Science and Technology,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay,Xin­jiang 834000,China;202nd Geological Team,Sichuan Bureau of Geology&Mineral Resources,Yibin,Sichuan 644000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)非常规科学技术研究院 [2]中国石油新疆油田公司勘探开发研究院 [3]四川省地质矿产勘查开发局202地质队

出　　处：《天然气勘探与开发》2021年第4期1-8,共8页Natural Gas Exploration and Development

基　　金：中国石油战略合作科技专项课题6“吉木萨尔页岩油甜点形成机制与分类预测技术研究”(编号:ZLZX2020-01-6);吉林油田科技项目“吉木萨尔凹陷重点区带油气富集条件研究”(编号:JS2020-W-13-JZ-27-38)、“不同类型走滑断裂输导机制研究”(编号:30200018-20-ZC0613-0104)。

摘　　要：近年来,在油气勘探开发过程中发现了越来越多的深部流体证据,例如四川盆地、松辽盆地等都在钻探中发现了深部天然气,随着全球能源需求的剧增,油气勘探除了深掘化石能源,还应关注来自地球深部的可利用能源。地球深部流体指沉积盆地基底之下和沉积盆地外的所有来源于中下地壳、地幔和地核的能够流动的物质,包括液体、气体、塑性流体(岩浆、超临界流体)。通过广泛调研,分析总结出其对油气资源形成的有利特性:①溶解和萃取特性,可对油气储层溶蚀扩容,有利于有机烃的萃取富集;②运载特性,深部流体是一种理想的输运媒介,有利于对烃类物质的运载;③催化效应,可催化加快无机烃形成的费—托合成反应和有机烃生成的干酪根热解反应。结论认为:深部流体具有十大能源效应,即拆离成盆、促进产力、破裂开道、运载输导、增能传能、加氢催化、溶蚀扩容、萃取富集、聚集成藏、保存破坏,这十大效应是一个连续、有序、有机、完整的能源效应链系统,对油气、氢能、氦能等能源的形成、运聚、富集和分布具有绝对控制作用。In recent years,growing evidence on deep earth fluids has been found during oil and gas exploration and development,for example,deep natural gas discovered in Sichuan Basin and Songliao Basin.With the rapid energy-demand increase in the world,be­sides fossil energy,other available energy with deep burial depth should be paid more attention to.Deep earth fluids include all flow­able materials from the middle and lower crust,mantle,and core,and deposited at the basement of a sedimentary basin or outside it,including liquid,gas,and plastic fluids of magma and supercritical fluid.Some extensive investigation has proved that the deep earth fluids help to form oil and gas resources because(1)with the features of both dissolution and extraction,they can dissolve and expand oil and gas reservoirs,and are conducive to the extraction and enrichment of organic hydrocarbon;(2)they belong to ideal media for transporting hydrocarbon;and(3)as catalysts,they can catalyze the Fischer-Tropsch reaction for forming inorganic hydrocarbon and the kerogen pyrolysis reaction to form organic hydrocarbon.It is concluded that the deep earth fluids are characterized by ten energy effects,namely,separating and forming basin,promoting productivity,fracturing and channeling,carrying and transporting,increasing and transferring energy,hydrogenation catalysis,dissolving and expanding,extracting and enriching,accumulating to form reservoir,and preserving and destructing.These effects form a continuous,orderly,organic,and complete chain system,which can absolutely affect the formation,migration,accumulation,enrichment,and distribution of oil and gas,and hydrogen and helium energy.

关 键 词：深部流体 基本特性 超临界 能源效应 流体模式 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]