北方话“鼻”“荸”二字的特殊音韵地位及历史来源  

Special Phonological Status of Characters“Bi(鼻)”and“Bi(荸)”in Chinese Northern Dialect and Their Historical Sources

作　　者：丁玮明 Ding Weiming(Institute of Sino-Tibetan Language Study,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学汉藏语研究院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《现代语文》2021年第11期65-69,共5页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：北方话中的“鼻”“荸”为同音字,并且具有特殊的音韵地位,其今读与《广韵》系韵书呈现的中古音不合。入声消失的北方话读为齐齿呼阳平,保留入声的则读为齐齿呼入声。“鼻”“荸”的中古音均为全浊声母,阳平来自全浊入声。而齐齿呼入声则来自三等性质去声的促化音变,去声促化又源于没、队、至、质四韵去入关系的密切性。“鼻”本属开口三等,而“荸”按谐声偏旁本属合口一等。江淮官话存在部分蟹合一帮组字并入止开三帮组字的现象,为“荸”具备三等性质的读音创造了条件。“Bi(鼻)”and“bi(荸)”are homophonic in Chinese northern dialect.Their phonological status is very special.The main performance of the specificity is that the modern pronunciation can not correspond to their phonological status in medieval Chinese phonological system,which has been recorded in Guangyun(《广韵》).In northern dialect without rushing tones,the pronunciation of“bi(鼻)”and“bi(荸)”can be expressed as Qichihu and rising tone.In northern dialect which has rushing tones,their pronunciation can be expressed as Qichihu and rushing tone.Their initials are both voiced in medieval Chinese phonological system,hence the source of rising tone is rushing tones.Then the source of pronunciation of Qichihu with rushing tones is Open-mouth Finals in Level 3,which evolves into rising tones.This kind of phonetic evolution is based on the closely connection between four ryhme categories,which are“mo(没)”“dui(队)”“zhi(至)”“zhi(质)”.According to medieval Chinese phonological system,“Bi(鼻)”belongs to Open-mouth Finals in Level 3;but judging from“bi(荸)”phonetic radical,it belongs to Close-mouth Finals in Level 1.In Jianghuai mandarin,some characters which originally belong to ryhme group“xie(蟹)”and Close-mouth Finals in Level 1 have changed,whose modern pronunciation is as same as characters which belong to ryhme group“zhi(至)”and Open-mouth Finals in Level 3.This change set the stage for phonetic change of“bi(荸)”,whose modern pronunciation has the same feature of Open-mouth Finals in Level 3.

关 键 词：北方话 “鼻” “荸” 音韵地位 历史来源 

分 类 号：H172.1[语言文字—汉语] H11