芯片制造技术的国际竞争态势及企业创新特征——以专利为视角  

International Competition Situation and Enterprise Innovation Characteristics of Chip Manufacturing Technology:From the Perspective of Patent

作　　者：张贝贝 李存金[1] Zhang Beibei;Li Cunjin(School of Management and Economics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学管理与经济学院,北京100081

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2021年第22期24-35,共12页Science and Technology Management Research

摘　　要：以专利为视角分析芯片制造领域的国际竞争态势,探索各国核心企业的技术竞争策略和创新模式,以期对中国芯片制造相关领域技术发展提供参考。首先通过聚类和共现等方式识别出芯片制造领域的关键技术,分析该领域的国际竞争格局;然后对芯片制造领域核心企业的竞争演化和技术距离进行分析,归纳不同国家核心企业的技术竞争策略和技术创新模式。研究得出:(1)芯片制造关键技术领域的主要竞争国家为美国、日本、韩国、德国、荷兰、中国和法国,具有最高技术水平的国家是日本和美国。(2)中国在芯片制造领域的明星企业是中芯国际集成电路制造公司和台湾积体电路制造公司,前者的竞争对手主要为美国国际商业机器公司和美国瓦特洛电气公司。(3)芯片制造领域核心企业的技术竞争策略表现出明显的国别特征,日本企业更注重专业化,美国明星企业更替更频繁,韩国企业专利布局范围更广泛。(4)不同国家芯片制造核心企业的技术创新模式有所不同,日本企业偏重模仿式创新与突破式创新相结合,韩国企业注重突破式创新,美国企业以突破式创新为主、模仿式创新为辅,中国企业以模仿式创新为主、突破式创新为辅。最后对中国芯片制造技术发展提出建议:政府加大对明星企业的激励和扶持力度、从制度设计层面加强对中国薄弱领域的重视,企业在制定技术创新策略时结合中国情境和自身实际、了解掌握竞争对手的技术现状和创新模式等。From the perspective of patent,this paper analyzes the international competition situation in the field of chip manufacturing,and explores the technology competition strategy and innovation mode of core enterprises in various countries,in order to provide suggestions on the technology development in the related fields of chip manufacturing in China.Firstly,the paper identifies the key technologies in the basic technology field of chip manufacturing through the method of text clustering and co-occurrence analysis,so as to analyze the international competition pattern in this field;secondly,combined with the evolution of competition among enterprises,further measures the technology similarity among enterprises,so as to explore the technology competition strategy.The research finds as follows:(Ⅰ)The main competitive countries in the field of chip manufacturing are the United States,Japan,South Korea,Germany,the Netherlands,China and France,and the countries with the highest technical level are Japan and the United States.(Ⅱ)The star enterprise in the field of chip manufacturing in China are SMIC and TSMC,SMIC’s current main competitors are IBMC and WATL.(Ⅲ)Core companies have shown different national characteristics in terms of technological layout:Japanese companies pay more attention to specialization,star companies in the United States are replaced more frequently,and Korean companies have a wider range of patents.(Ⅳ)The technological innovation models of enterprises in different countries are different:Japanese enterprises emphasize the combination of imitation and breakthrough innovation,Korean enterprises focus on breakthrough innovation,American enterprises mainly focus on breakthrough innovation,supplemented by imitative innovation,and the enterprises in China focus on imitative innovation,supplemented by breakthrough innovation.Finally,some suggestions are put forward for the development of China’s chip manufacturing technology:the government should increase the incentive and support for star en

关 键 词：芯片制造 芯片技术专利 核心企业 技术竞争策略 技术创新模式 

分 类 号：G306[文化科学] F204[经济管理—国民经济]