不同外源营养负荷对浮游藻类群落结构特征的影响  

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT EXTERNAL NUTRIENT LOADING ON CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

作　　者：李艳 王洪铸[1] 马硕楠 梁小民[1] 王海军[1] LI Yan;Wang Hong-Zhu;MA Shuo-Nan;LIANG Xiao-Min;WANG Hai-Jun(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2021年第6期1291-1298,共8页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900805);生态环境部水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07302-002);武汉市科技计划项目(2020020602012152);武汉市市政建设集团有限公司科研项目(wszky202014)资助。

摘　　要：为研究不同外源营养负荷对水体浮游藻类群落结构特征的影响,于2010年12月至2012年6月在亚热带长江流域的4个池塘中开展了氮磷营养添加实验。实验设置4个处理,即加氮加磷(+N+P)、只加磷(−N+P)、只加氮(+N−P)和氮、磷都不加(−N−P)(对照)。从种类来看,各种处理对浮游藻类种类数的影响不大,各处理中种类数相差不多,−N+P、+N+P、+N−P和−N−P处理中浮游藻类种类数分别为75种、79种、75种和75种。各处理均是绿藻门种类最多,其次是蓝藻门。从功能群来看,−N+P处理的中、富营养型藻类占比和+N+P处理的相差不多,二者均高于2个未加磷处理(+N−P和−N−P处理)的。+N−P处理的贫营养型藻类占比比+N+P处理的高,甚至高于−N−P处理的。研究结果表明减氮不能控制藻类群落的中、富营养型藻类数量,只控磷能够推动浮游藻类群落从中-富营养型向贫营养型演替。这一结论有望为制定富营养化治理的氮管理策略提供一定的理论依据。To test the effects of different external nutrient loading on characteristics of phytoplankton community structure,a whole-ecosystem nutrient addition experiment was conducted in 4 ponds located at the Yangtze River Basin from December 2010 to June 2012.Four treatments were set to represent various nutrient loads,namely both nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)addition(+N+P),P addition(−N+P),N addition(+N−P),and no nutrient addition(−N−P)(Control).In terms of species number,all treatments showed similar characteristic with the species number of 75,79,75 and 75 in−N+P,+N+P,+N−P and Control respectively,and Chlorophyta were the dominant taxonomic group followed by Cyanophyta.In terms of functional group,the percentage of meso-eutrophic species in−N+P was similar to that in+N+P,both were higher than the two treatments without adding P.The percentage of oligotrophic species in+N−P was higher than that in+N+P treatment,and even higher than the Control.The above results suggest that the reduction of nitrogen cannot control the percentage of moso-eutrophic species of phytoplankton,while the reduction of P can induce the succession of phytoplankton community from a meso-eutrophic type to an oligotrophic type.These results provide theoretical foundation for N management strategy in mitigating eutrophication to a certain extent.

关 键 词：外源负荷 浮游藻类 群落特征 功能群 

分 类 号：Q142[生物学—生态学]