基于中华鲟繁殖群体数量的长江中、下游生态环境考核指标  

ECOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT INDEX IN THE MIDDLE-LOWER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER BASED ON THE SPAWNING POPULATION SIZE OF CHINESE STURGEON

作　　者：高欣[1] 林鹏程[1] 常涛 刘焕章[1] GAO Xin;CHANG Tao;LIN Peng-Cheng;LIU Huan-Zhang(Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,中国科学院水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2021年第6期1396-1399,共4页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900804);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类,XDB31040000);中国生物多样性监测与研究网络内陆水体鱼类多样性监测网资助。

摘　　要：繁殖群体数量是中华鲟能否成功繁殖的重要影响因子,建议作为长江生态考核的重要评价指标。根据重要种群参数和历史数据,基于稳态转换理论和方法,确定中华鲟繁殖群体数量指标的评估基准值和等级,670尾以上为“优”、400-670尾为“良”、200-400尾为“中”、50-200尾为“差”、50尾以下为“极差”。水声学探测结果显示,1998-2001年中华鲟繁殖群体数量指标评级为“良”;2004-2012年三峡工程蓄水后至向家坝蓄水前评级为“中”;2013-2020年评级为“极差”。为了复壮中华鲟野生种群,建议修复葛洲坝下中华鲟产卵场功能,大规模放流性成熟亲鱼和大规格个体,建立国家级中华鲟保育中心。The spawning population size of Chinese sturgeon is an important factor affecting the breeding activities.Here we suggest the spawning population size as a key index for the ecological and environmental assessment of the Yangtze River.Basing on the crucial population parameters and historical monitoring data,we determined the reference value and evaluation grade of this index using the theory of regime shift.The spawning population size more than 670 is considered“excellent”,400-670 is considered“good”,200-400 is considered“medium”,50-200 is considered“poor”,and below 50 is considered“extremely poor”.The results of hydroacoustic detection indicate that this index is assessed as“good”before the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)(1998-2001),“medium”between the impoundment of the TGR and the Xiangjiaba Reservoir(XBR)(2004-2012)and“extremely poor”after the impoundment of the XBR(2013-2020).To restore the wild population of Chinese sturgeon,it is suggested to repair the function of spawning grounds,to release plenty of mature and big-size individuals,and to establish the national conservation center for Chinese sturgeon.

关 键 词：生态环境评价 珍稀鱼类 极度濒危 保护措施 中华鲟 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]