鱼类低温应激反应的调控机制  

REGULATION MECHANISMS FOR COLD STRESS RESPONSES OF FISH

作　　者：龙勇[1] 葛国栋 李西西 崔宗斌[1,2] LONG Yong;GE Guo-Dong;LI Xi-Xi;CUI Zong-Bin(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Institute of Microbiology,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [2]广东省科学院微生物研究所,广州510070

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2021年第6期1405-1414,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900302-2);国家自然科学基金(31772836,31572610和31721005);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2016305)资助。

摘　　要：鱼类遭受低温胁迫易产生分子、细胞和组织损伤,甚至导致个体死亡。鱼类机体细胞感受到低温刺激后,通过多种应激通路将低温信号传递至细胞核,启动低温应激反应,建立新的胞内稳态,从而增强抗寒能力。低温可激活鱼类内分泌系统释放皮质醇和甲状腺素等激素,调控代谢、渗透压和免疫反应,最终引起生理和行为变化。鱼类低温应激反应受表观遗传修饰、转录和翻译、前体RNA可变剪接和蛋白质翻译后修饰等多层级的复杂调控。目前,采用多组学技术已经鉴定到大量与低温响应相关的效应基因和调控通路。研究表明,能量代谢和抗氧化应激反应在鱼类抗寒能力的建成起着重要作用。其他环境因子(如低氧和盐度)及鱼体生理状态(如饥饿和营养)也影响鱼类对低温刺激的反应和抗寒能力。鉴定抗寒相关的分子标记并解析其关联基因的作用机制对鱼类的抗寒育种具有重要意义。Exposure of fish to hypothermia stress may lead to damage to biological molecules,cells and tissues,and even death.When fish cells sense the cold stress,the cold signals are transduced into the nuclear by a variety of routes to trigger the cold stress responses.A new homeostasis will be established and the resistance of the cells to cold stress will be enhanced through these finely regulated stress responses.The endocrinology system of fish can be activated by cold stress to release hormones such as cortisol and thyroid.These hormones regulate metabolism,osmolarity and immune responses of the body and ultimately lead to alterations in physiology and behavior.Cold stress responses of fish are complexly regulated at multiple levels,including epigenetics,transcription,translation,alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs and post-translational modification of proteins.Recent omics studies have identified many cold responsive genes and metabolism pathways.Energy generation and anti-oxidation responses are critical for the establishment of fish cold resistance.Environmental factors including hypoxia and salinity,and the physiology of the fish such as fasting and nutritious status also can affect the responses and resistance of fish to cold stress.The identification of cold resistance-associated biomarkers and the discovery of functional mechanisms of the linked genes have paramount significance for the breeding of cold-resistant fish strains.

关 键 词：鱼类 低温 应激反应 抗寒 遗传育种 

分 类 号：Q173[生物学—水生生物学]