旱地石灰性土壤上长期施磷对小麦籽粒铁锰铜锌含量的影响  

Wheat grain Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn contents as affected by long-term P application in dryland calcareous soil

作　　者：罗一诺 张慕欣 高玉 薛欣 惠晓丽[1] 王星舒 石美[1] 王朝辉[1,2] LUO Yi-nuo;ZHANG Mu-xin;GAO Yu;XUE Xin;HUI Xiao-li;WANG Xing-shu;SHI Mei;WANG Zhao-hui(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第11期1894-1904,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200400)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究石灰性土壤上施用磷肥引起的小麦铁、锰、铜、锌含量的变化及其与作物养分吸收和土壤养分有效性的关系,为旱地小麦磷肥合理施用和丰产优质生产提供科学依据。【方法】于2004年在陕西杨凌设置不同磷肥用量的长期定位田间试验,土壤为石灰性土壤,pH 8.3。试验在每个小区施氮(N)160 kg/hm^(2)的基础上,设置施用P_(2)O_(5) 0、50、100、150、200 kg/hm^(2)5个水平。于2013—2016年3个收获期取样,测定了小麦地上部各器官生物量和铁、锰、铜、锌含量,及0—20和20—40 cm土层土壤有效铁锰铜锌含量。【结果】与不施磷相比,施用磷肥提高了小麦产量和籽粒铁、锰含量,但降低了籽粒铜、锌含量,同时提高了土壤有效铁、锰、锌含量,对有效铜含量影响不显著。进一步回归分析得出,施P_(2)O_(5) 165 kg/hm^(2)时产量最高,为6492 kg/hm^(2);施P_(2)O_(5) 100 kg/hm^(2)时籽粒铁含量最高,为41.7 mg/kg;施P_(2)O_(5) 94 kg/hm^(2)时籽粒锰含量最高,为37.5 mg/kg;施P_(2)O_(5) 136 kg/hm^(2)时籽粒锌含量最低,为25.4 mg/kg;籽粒铜含量在每增施P_(2)O_(5) 100 kg/hm^(2)时会降低0.4 mg/kg。土壤有效锰、锌在施P_(2)O_(5) 100 kg/hm^(2)时达到最大值,比对照分别提高24%和35%;土壤有效铁在施P_(2)O_(5) 200 kg/hm^(2)时增幅最大,为8%;土壤有效铜在各施磷量下无显著变化。产量为最高产量的95%时施磷量为108 kg/hm^(2),当超过这一施磷量时,产量增幅减小,籽粒铁锰含量不再增加,铜锌含量持续降低。【结论】黄土高原石灰性旱地土壤上,长期施磷提高了小麦籽粒铁、锰含量,降低了籽粒铜、锌含量。籽粒铁、锰含量增加与土壤有效铁、锰增加促进了小麦的吸收及向籽粒的转移有关,而籽粒铜、锌含量降低与施磷后土壤有效铜没有显著提高,且高磷抑制铜转运和锌吸收有关。为了兼顾小麦高产与营养平衡,这一地区的施磷量应不超过P_(2)O_【Objectives】We studied the changes of iron(Fe),manganese(Mn),copper(Cu)and zinc(Zn)contents in wheat caused by the application of phosphorus fertilizer in calcareous soil and its relationship with crop absorption and soil nutrient availability,so as to provide a scientific basis for the rational application of phosphorus fertilizer and high-yield and high-quality production of dryland wheat.【Methods】A long-term winter wheat field experiment has been established since 2004 in a calcareous soil of Yangling,Shaanxi Province.Five P_(2)O_(5)application rates(0,50,100,150,200 kg/hm^(2))were set upon the basis of N application rate of 160 kg/hm^(2).Samples were taken during three harvest periods from 2013 to 2016.The biomass and Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn contents in the aboveground organs of wheat were measured,and soil samples were collected at the same time to test the available Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn contents.【Results】Compared with no P(control),application of P increased wheat yields,Fe and Mn contents but decreased Cu and Zn contents in grains.P application also increased the soil available Fe,Mn and Zn content,but did not change soil available Cu.Regression analysis showed that the P rate for the maximum grain yield(6492 t/hm^(2))was 165 kg/hm^(2),for the maximum grain Fe(41.7 mg/kg)and Mn(37.5 mg/kg)were 100 and 94 kg/hm^(2)respectively,and for the minimum of grain Zn(25.4 mg/kg)was 136 kg/hm^(2).And every 100 kg/hm^(2)of P_(2)O_(5)application would reduce grain Cu content by 0.4 mg/kg.In 0-20 cm soil,the highest available Mn and Zn were recorded when the P rate was 100 kg/hm^(2),the maximum available Fe was obtained under 200 kg/hm^(2)P rate,but the available Cu showed no significant change under different P_(2)O_(5)application rates.When the yield was 95%of the highest yield,the phosphorus application rate was 108 kg/hm^(2).The yield increase decreased when the phosphorus application rate exceeded this level,and the grain Fe and Mn content did not increase,while the grain Cu and Zn concentration continued to decreas

关 键 词：磷肥 小麦 籽粒 铁 锰 铜 锌 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]