归因与归责:污染环境罪因果关系的判断路径探析  

Attribution and Responsibility:An Analysis of the Judgement Path of Causality in Environmental Pollution Crime

作　　者：马寅翔[1] 蒋昊 MA Yin-xiang;JIANG Hao(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《时代法学》2021年第6期73-85,共13页Presentday Law Science

摘　　要：污染环境罪属于何种犯罪类型,学界对此争议颇多。从规范表述、法益属性、法秩序统一性等多维角度进行确认,污染环境罪实际上属于结果犯,因而本罪的因果关系判断是具有积极意义的。结合当下污染环境罪因果关系判断的司法现状,可以发现建立在客观物理法则之上的传统因果关系理论,并不能妥善解决本罪作用机理极为复杂的因果关系判断问题,无法在公害犯罪中形成有效的因果关系判断规则,因而需要引入疫学因果关系等理论。但是,疫学理论有着将刑事诉讼证明标准降低到“排除合理怀疑”以下之虞,为脱离这些不利困境,在污染环境罪的因果关系判断程式中,通过构建事实与规范的双层次判定结构,分别进行事实归因和规范归责的判断。在筛选出强影响因子的基础上,进行二次审视,从而维系“排除合理怀疑”的刑事诉讼证明标准,以求达到合理出罪的目的。There are many academic disputes about the criminal form of environmental pollution crime.It is confirmed from the multi-dimensional perspectives of normative expression,legal interest attribute,and the unity of legal order that the environmental pollution crime is actually a result crime,so the causality judgment of this crime is positive.Combining with the current judicial status of environmental pollution crime causation judgment,because of the mechanism of this crime is extremely complicated,it can be found that the traditional causality theory based on objective physical laws cannot properly solve the problem of judging the causality of this crime.Therefore,it is necessary to introduce epidemiological causality and other theories.However,the epidemiological theory has the risk of lowering the criminal litigation proof standard below beyond reasonable doubt.In order to get rid of these unfavorable predicaments,the two-level judgment structure of causal facts and norms in the crime of environmental pollution is established,and factual attribution and normative imputation is carried out separately.On the basis of screening the most influential factors,conduct a second review,so as to maintain the criminal procedure proof standard of beyond reasonable doubt,and achieve the purpose of denying crime.

关 键 词：污染环境罪 因果关系 证明标准 疫学因果关系 客观归责 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学]