基于张量投票的地震不连续特征增强方法  

Seismic discontinuity enhancement method based on tensor voting

作　　者：崔晓庆 黄旭日[1] 杨剑 张栋 陈小春 李凯 CUI Xiaoqing;HUANG Xuri;YANG Jian;ZHANG Dong;CHEN Xiaochun;LI Kai(School of Geoscience and Technology,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都610500

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2021年第6期1351-1358,I0007,共9页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“莺琼盆地中深层异常温压地震岩石物理理论及综合智能储层预测方法研究”(U20B2016)资助。

摘　　要：裂缝、断层及地质体边界等在地震资料上具不连续性特征,现有的边界检测方法往往因为噪声而导致提取的边界特征模糊,完整性和连贯性较低,这给地质解释增加了困难。为此,提出基于张量投票的地震不连续性特征增强方法。首先利用梯度结构张量的特征值、特征向量分析地震几何属性,确定具有地质构造特征的种子点;然后通过种子点的投票域叠加的方式增强地质构造特征,同时挖掘地震属性中隐含的不连续结构特征,使地质体构造特征具有完整性;最终通过张量分解提取连续性、平滑性的特征骨架。模型试算和实际资料处理结果表明,张量投票方法能在刻画断层特征的同时,最大限度地保留视觉上低连续的断裂信息,从而使识别的断层更连续、完整、清晰。该方法具有较好的鲁棒性和适用性,可有效识别地质体边界。Fractures,faults and geological body boundaries feature discontinuity in seismic data.Current boundary detection methods often lead to fuzzy boundary characteristics,poor integrity and low coherence due to noise,which increases the difficulty of geological interpretation.To tackle these problems,this paper proposes a seismic discontinuity enhancement method based on tensor voting.Firstly,the seismic geometric attributes are analyzed with eigenvalues and eigenvectors of gradient structure tensor to determine the seed points with geological structure characteristics.Then,the geological structure characteristics are enhanced by the superposition of voting fields of seed points,and the discontinuous structure characteristics hidden in seismic attributes are excavated to improve the integrity of geological structure characteristics.Finally,the continuous and smooth feature skeleton is extracted by tensor decomposition.Model calculation results and field data prove that the tensor voting method can describe the fault feature information and retain the visually low-continuity fault information to the maximum extent,which makes the fault feature more complete,more continuous and clearer.The proposed method has good robustness and applicability,thus capable of being an effective tool for identifying geological body boundaries.

关 键 词：不连续性特征 张量投票 断裂识别 骨架提取 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]