基于政策视角的俄罗斯海洋研究活动特征分析及启示  

Analysis on the Characteristics of Russian Marine Research Activities Based on Policy Perspective and Its Enlightenments

作　　者：吴淼[1,2] 王丽贤 郝韵[1,2] 贺晶晶[1,2] 张小云[1] WU Miao;WANG Lixian;HAO Yun;HE Jingjing;ZHANG Xiaoyun(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,CAS,Urumqi 830011,China;Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia,CAS,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院中亚生态与环境研究中心,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《世界科技研究与发展》2021年第6期701-715,共15页World Sci-Tech R&D

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境建设专项“上合组织成员国+科技信息资源共享平台”(PT2017)。

摘　　要：俄罗斯是传统海洋大国,切实了解其海洋研究活动,有助于我国发展海洋科技、实现海洋强国目标。本文基于法律、战略、规划和项目四个层次,对俄罗斯海洋研究活动的目标、政策导向、主要领域等内容进行了定性分析和解读。研究认为俄罗斯海洋研究活动的顶层设计较完整,自上而下层次特征显著,并以服务国家利益为宗旨,助力维持其海洋大国地位。其海洋研究活动涉及世界各大洋,以内海、领海及毗连海域、北极和南极等为重点研究区域;在研究领域方面,既有对海洋物理、海洋化学和海洋地质等基础探索性问题的研究,也有对造船科学、海洋开发装备、科学研究设施以及为保障海洋研究活动开展的信息、安全和生命支持系统等应用技术的研发,具有多样化、研究链条较为完整的特点。我国应立足实际,加快海洋立法工作,尽快制定我国的南北极战略;完善以区域和专业为重点的研究力量布局,加强自主可控的海洋技术链条建设,以推进"海上丝绸之路"倡议和发展海洋经济。Russia is a traditional large marine country.A practical understanding of its marine research activities will help China develop marine science and technology.Based on laws,strategies,plans and projects,this paper makes a qualitative analysis on the objectives,policy orientation and main fields of Russian marine research activities.It is considered that the top-level design of marine research activities in Russia is relatively complete and has significant top-down characteristics.Russia’s marine research aims to serve national interests and help maintain its status as a major maritime power.Russia’s marine research activities involve the world’s oceans,focusing on the inland sea,territorial sea and adjacent waters,Arctic and Antarctic.In terms of the research field,Russian research covers not only basic exploratory issues such as marine physics,marine chemistry and marine geology,but also the research and development of applied technologies such as shipbuilding science,marine development equipment,scientific research facilities and information,security and life support systems to ensure marine research activities.China should base itself on reality,speed up the marine legislation and the formulate China’s strategy of Antarctica and Arctic,improve the layout of research forces focusing on regions and specialties,and strengthen the construction of independent and controllable marine technology chain,so as to promote the initiative of"Maritime Silk Road"and develop marine economy.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 海洋研究 海洋科技 政策分析 

分 类 号：D751.2[政治法律—政治学] P74[政治法律—中外政治制度]