自然环境中能否出现可有效降解碳氟链的微生物  

Analysis about whether microorganisms that can effectively degrade fluorocarbon chains would appear in the natural environment

作　　者：肖子冰 邢航[1] 窦增培[1] 肖进新[1] Xiao Zibing;Xing Hang;Dou Zengpei;Xiao Jinxin(Beijing FLUOBON Surfactant Institute,Beijing 100096,China)

机构地区：[1]北京氟乐邦表面活性剂技术研究所,北京100096

出　　处：《日用化学工业》2021年第12期1242-1249,共8页China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics

摘　　要：全氟或多氟烷基物质(PFAS)的碳氟链具有很强的化学惰性,随着环境保护和健康观念的不断加强,PFAS的大量使用引发了公众的担忧。PFAS在很多应用领域中是不可替代的,尤其是高技术领域或外部条件苛刻的场合,因此最积极的应对策略是探索可行的后处理方法。与物理或化学法处理相比,生物降解在实施条件的便利性以及能源消耗、经济成本方面更具优势。然而,迄今尚未发现能“有效”降解PFAS的微生物,这里的“有效”是指在令人满意的时间内破坏PFAS的C-F键以实现彻底的降解。这意味着微生物要满足降解程度和降解效率的双重要求。本文详细论述了自然环境中能否产生有效降解碳氟链的微生物,以及实验室模拟这一过程可以采取的策略。同时列出了当前微生物降解PFAS的若干证据,未来,期待人类能研制培育出可有效降解碳氟链的微生物品种。The fluorocarbon chains of PFAS(per-and polyfluoroalkylated substances)are highly chemically inert.With the increasing awareness of protection of environment and health,the extensive use of PFAS has aroused public concern.PFAS are irreplaceable in many application fields,especially in the cases of high-tech applications or harsh conditions.Therefore,the most active coping strategy should be to explore feasible treatment methods.Compared with physical or chemical treatment,biodegradation is advantageous in convenient applied conditions and being energy-saving and cost-effective.However,up to now,no microorganisms have been found to be qualified to“effectively”degrade PFAS,i.e.,to completely break down PFAS in a satisfactory range of time by destroying the C-F bonds.It means that a desired species of microorganisms must meet the dual requirements of degradation degree and degradation efficiency.Herein,we have discussed whether microorganisms,that can effectively break down the fluorocarbon chain,could appear in the natural environment,as well as the strategies that can be adopted to simulate this process in laboratory.Some evidence of the microbial degradation of PFAS has also been listed.In the future,it is expected that human beings can develop and cultivate microbial species that can effectively break down fluorocarbon chains.

关 键 词：全氟或多氟烷基物质(PFAS) 全氟辛烷磺酸及其衍生物(PFOS) 环境保护 生物降解 微生物 细菌 持久性有机污染物(POPs) 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]