苹果树栽植机幼苗夹持装置改进与试验  

Improvement and experiment of the seedling clamping device of apple tree planting machines

作　　者：林悦香[1] 尚书旗[1] 连政国[1] 王明成 张敬国 Lin Yuexiang;Shang Shuqi;Lian Zhengguo;Wang Mingcheng;Zhang Jingguo(Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Institute,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Weifang Gaomi Secondary Specialized School,Weifang 261501,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,青岛266109 [2]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [3]潍坊市高密中等专业学校,潍坊261501

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第19期1-6,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目“苹果生产全程机械化技术与装备研发(2017YF006)”;苹果开沟栽植关键技术与装备优化提升(SD2019NJ001-1)。

摘　　要：为了解决现行矮砧密植栽培模式下苹果树幼苗栽植过程所存在的人工栽植效率低、树苗直立度不理想、夹持皮带滑移导致株距变异系数高等问题,该研究以农机农艺融合技术为指导,研制了两点夹持式苹果树幼苗栽植机。该机具在现有连续开沟定距栽植机的基础上,对树苗实施上、下两点夹持,克服了原来一点夹持使得高株苗木相对地面初始角度难以保证的问题,以提高栽植后的直立度;对夹持输送形式进行改进,采用2条同步带代替原来V型带夹持输送苹树苗木以降低滑移率和株距变异系数;对动力匹配进行优化,加装限深轮提高栽植深度稳定性。根据不同品种苹果苗木栽植要求,开沟深度及宽度可调,栽植株距也可按需调节。田间试验表明:栽植后的苹果苗木直立度合格率由原来的90.63%提高至97.14%,平均栽植深度合格率由91.43%提升为93.33%,平均栽植株距变异系数由原来的5.03%降为3.74%,栽植效率由11.89株/min提升到12.26株/min,是人工栽植的37倍。对比现有机具,该研究改进机具的各项性能指标得到改善提升,为后续苹果生产全程机械化打下坚实的基础。At this stage, the domestic development of apple tree seedling planting machines is still in its infancy, and few planting machines had been developed for apple trees. Planting apple trees requires a large amount of labor, but the current shortage of labor is a prominent contradiction. The problem of non-mechanized planting of apple tree seedlings urgently needs to be solved. In order to solve the problems in the apple planting process under the current high density dwarfing orchard cultivation mode: low manual planting efficiency, unsatisfactory erection of fruit seedlings with the developed machines, and slightly higher coefficient of variation of plant spacing caused by the slippage of the clamping belt. Under the guidance of agricultural machinery and agronomic integration technology, a two-point clamping apple seedling planting machine was developed by a combination of extensive research, virtual design, prototype manufacturing, and field trials. This machine is based on the existing continuous ditching fixed-distance planting machine previously developed by the same team, and implements structural improvements and performance optimization. Firstly, the fruit seedling clamping device is improved,and the fruit seedlings are clamped at the upper and lower points. On top of the previous generation planting machine, a layer of clamping and conveying device is installed above the lower clamping and conveying device, and the upper and lower layers are perpendicular to each other. The distance is set to be 50 cm, which is based on the comprehensive consideration of the height and status of the apple tree seedlings and the comparison of the planting effectiveness at different distances. The upper and lower clamping points work with each other during the transportation of apple tree seedlings to clamp the apple tree seedlings together. The apple tree seedlings will not rotate during operation and maintain a good initial status. It overcomes the problem that it is difficult to guarantee the initial angle of the tall s

关 键 词：农业机械 试验 苹果苗木 栽植 两点夹持 直立度 

分 类 号：S233.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]