澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭的活化调控及其吸波性能  

Activation Regulation of Activated Carbon from Macadamia Nut Shell Biomass and Its Microwave Absorbing Properties

作　　者：崔海鹏 龙爱春 户本相 赵艳芳[1] 宋喜梅[3] 廖建和[1] 廖禄生[2,4] CUI Haipeng;LONG Aichun;HU Benxiang;ZHAO Yanfang;SONG Ximei;LIAO Jianhe;LIAO Lusheng(Material Science and Engineering institute,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Rubber Processing,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524001,China;South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524091,China;Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Rubber Processing,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524001,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学材料科学与工程学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所/广东省天然橡胶加工重点实验室,广东湛江524001 [3]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江524091 [4]海南省天然橡胶加工重点实验室,广东湛江524001

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2021年第11期3307-3315,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.51703242);广东省天然橡胶加工重点实验室专项基金项目(No.2019B121203004);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(No.1630122017004)。

摘　　要：以澳洲坚果壳作为碳源,采用高温碳化技术制备澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭材料,研究了磷酸、氢氧化钾、氯化锌作为活化剂对澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭材料微观形貌和吸波性能的影响。结果表明:活化剂对澳洲坚果壳生物炭造孔效果明显,可获得丰富的孔隙结构;与未活化的澳洲坚果壳生物炭相比,活化方式调控的澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭吸波性能得到了改善,氯化锌活化的澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭反射损耗达–16 dB;氢氧化钾活化的澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭反射损耗达–26 dB,通过调节厚度,有效吸收带宽最高可以覆盖14 GHz。澳洲坚果壳生物活性炭良好的吸波性能归因于活化造孔产生的多孔结构,多孔结构进一步促进传导损耗、界面极化、多重散射等对电磁波进行衰减。经分析讨论进一步确定了不同活化方式调控澳洲坚果壳生物炭吸波性能强弱的顺序为MNAC-K(氢氧化钾活化)>MNAC-Zn(氯化锌活化)>MNAC-H(磷酸活化)>MNC(未活化)。High-temperature carbonization technology was used to prepare Macadamia nut shell biomass activated carbon(MNAC)materials.The effects of phosphoric acid,potassium hydroxide and zinc chloride as activators on the microscopic morphology and microwave absorbing properties of MNAC materials were studied.The activators had obvious pore-forming effect on the Macadamia nut shell biochar(MNC)and could facilitate the formation of pore-rich structure.Compared with MNC,the microwave absorption performance of the activated was improved.Specifically,the reflection loss of the biocarbon was activated by zinc chloride reaches–16 dB.The reflection loss of the biocarbon activated by potassium hydroxide was up to–26 dB,and the effective absorption bandwidth could cover 14 GHz by adjusting the thickness.The good absorbing performance of MNAC could be attributed to the porous structure resulted by the activation process.The porous structure further promoted the attenuation of electromagnetic waves,such as conduction loss,interface polarization,and multiple scattering.The order of the MNC microwave absorbing properties regulated by different activators was finally determined as:MNAC-K(KOH activation)>MNAC-Zn(ZnCl2 activation)>MNAC-H(H3 PO4 activation)>MNC(no activation).

关 键 词：澳洲坚果果壳 活性炭 活化 电磁损耗 吸波性能 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]