复配肥料对土壤镉生物有效性和水稻镉累积的影响  

Effects of Compound Fertilizers on Soil Cd Bioavailability and Rice Cd Accumulation

作　　者：杨耀东 陈奕暄 邓潇 杨文俊 艾米兰·努尔哈拉木 曾清如[1] YANG Yaodong;CHEN Yixuan;DENG Xiao;YANG Wenjun;NUERHALAMU Aimilan;ZENG Qingru(College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《作物研究》2021年第6期561-566,575,共7页Crop Research

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0800807);长沙市科技计划项目(kq1801025)。

摘　　要：为了探究能有效控制稻田Cd污染的方法,设置不同复配肥料处理和基施肥以及分蘖期追肥的方式,分析不同肥料处理方式对土壤基本理化性质、Cd生物有效性以及水稻各部位累积转运Cd的影响。结果显示,与其他处理相比,以复合肥、钙镁磷和硅钾钙为基肥,分蘖期追施尿素的施肥处理降Cd效果最佳。处理后,土壤pH提升0.5个单位,土壤TCLP提取态Cd含量降低40.0%,Mg(NO_(3))_(2)提取态Cd含量降低41.6%;该处理水稻各部位Cd含量均显著降低,糙米Cd含量从0.70 mg/kg降低至0.42 mg/kg,降幅达40.0%。同时,复合肥、钙镁磷肥和硅钾钙肥降低了水稻各部位吸收转运Cd的能力。因此,在实际生产中建议以复合肥、钙镁磷肥和硅钾钙为基肥,分蘖期追施尿素,同时配合其他有效措施如淹水灌溉来保障重金属污染农田中水稻的安全生产。In order to explore the effective methods to control Cd pollution in rice fields,different fertilizer treatments,basal fertilization and topdressing at tillering stage were set up to analyze the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the basic physical and chemical properties of soil,Cd bioavailability,Cd accumulation and transportation in different tissues of rice.The results showed that compared with other treatments,the fertilizer treatment with compound fertilizer,calcium magnesium phosphorus,and silicon potassium calcium as the base fertilizer,topdressing urea at the tillering stage had the best effect on reducing Cd.After treatment,the soil pH increased by 0.5 units,the soil TCLP-extractable Cd content decreased by 40.0%,and Mg(NO_(3))_(2)-extractable Cd content decreased by 41.6%.The Cd content in all parts of rice decreased significantly,and the Cd content of brown rice decreased from 0.70 mg/kg to 0.42 mg/kg,with a decrease of 40.0%.At the same time,compound fertilizers,calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizers and silicon-potassium-calcium fertilizers reduced the ability of Cd absorbing and transporting in various parts of rice.Therefore,in the actual production,it is recommended to use compound fertilizer,calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer,and silicon-potassium-calcium as base fertilizer,topdressing with urea during the tillering stage,and other effective measures such as flooding irrigation to ensure the safe production of rice.

关 键 词：水稻 农田土壤 镉 施肥 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]