混装乳化炸药配方对炸药-岩石匹配效果影响研究  

Study on Influence of Formula of Mixed Emulsion Explosive on Matching Effect of Explosive and Rock

作　　者：赵明生 黄胜松[2] 周建敏 陶明 ZHAO Ming-sheng;HUANG Sheng-song;ZHOU Jian-min;TAO Ming(Poly Xinlian Blasting Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550002,China;Guizhou University,Guiyang 550002,China;Central South University,Changsha 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]保利新联爆破工程集团有限公司,贵阳550002 [2]贵州大学,贵阳550002 [3]中南大学,长沙410000

出　　处：《爆破》2021年第4期124-128,179,共6页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52064003)。

摘　　要：为解决某露天煤矿混装乳化炸药配方单一,炸药性能不能根据不同地质条件及时调整,使炸药性能与岩石匹配效果不佳,导致炸药能量利用率不高、岩石爆破块度较大等问题。通过理论计算分析混装乳化炸药配方中不同组分含量对炸药的爆热、爆速、爆容的影响,结合炸药的密度、爆速计算出炸药波阻抗,结合现场试验,采用Split-Desktop4.0软件对岩石爆破岩石块度进行分析,从而研究影响混装乳化炸药配方对炸药-岩石匹配效果的主要因素,为混装乳化炸药配方的优化提供依据。结果表明:硝酸铵含量从75.0%增加至79.5%,爆热值从2708 kJ/kg增加到3082 kJ/kg;爆速值从4648 m/s增加到4997 m/s;炸药波阻抗由53.5 MN/m^(3).m/s增加到62.5 MN/m^(3).m/s;爆容值845 L/kg下降到821 L/kg。说明爆热、爆速、炸药波阻抗随着硝酸铵含量的提高而增大,爆容随着硝酸铵含量增加而减少。为改善炸药与岩石匹配效果,降低大块率,根据1228平盘、1180平盘不同的岩石性质,设计了两组混装乳化炸药配方进行试验,一组通过增加10%的硝酸铵含量提高炸药波阻抗,另一组降低20%的硝酸铵含量,提高炸药的爆生气体容积。经对爆破岩石块度分析,配方调整后大块率降低了6.5%~6.8%。There are some problems as single formula of mixed emulsion explosive,explosive performance cannot be adjusted timely according to different geological conditions existed in an open-pit coal mine,which lead to bad matching effect between the explosive performance and rock low explosive energy utilization rate and large rock blasting block degree.The influence of different components of mixed emulsion explosive formula on detonation heat,detonation speed and detonation capacity were analyzed.Furthermore,the wave impedance of the explosive was calculated by combining the density and detonation velocity of the explosive.Combined with the field test,the split-desktop 4.0 software was used to analyze the rock fragmentation of rock blasting,so as to study the main factors affecting the explosives-rock matching effect of the formula of mixed emulsion explosive,providing a basis for the optimization of the formula of mixed emulsion explosive.The results show that as the ammonium nitrate content increased from 75.0%to 79.5%,the explosive heat value increased from 2708 kJ/kg to 3082 kJ/kg,the detonation velocity increased from 4648 m/s to 4997 m/s,the explosive wave impedance increased from 53.5 MN/m^(3).m/s to 62.5 MN/m^(3).m/s,and the explosion capacity decreased from 845 L/kg to 821 L/kg.Besides,the detonation heat,detonation velocity and explosive wave impedance increase with the increase of ammonium nitrate content,and the detonation capacity decreases with the increase of ammonium nitrate content.In order to improve the matching effect between explosive and rock and reduce the bulk rate,according to the different rock properties of 1228 flat and 1180 flat plates,two groups of mixed emulsion explosive formula are designed.One group increased the explosive wave impedance by increasing the ammonium nitrate content by 10%,and the other group reduced the ammonium nitrate content by 20%to increase the explosive gas volume of explosives.After the adjustment of the formula,the percentage of large rock was reduced by 6.5%~6.8

关 键 词：炸药配方 匹配效果 爆破效果 大块率 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]