环状脂肽的结构多样性及结构改造策略  被引量:1

Structural diversity and modification strategies of cyclic lipopeptides

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作  者:胡仿香 刘雨悦 李霜[1] HU Fangxiang;LIU Yuyue;LI Shuang(College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211800,China)

机构地区:[1]南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院,江苏南京211800

出  处:《生物加工过程》2021年第6期589-596,603,共9页Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering

基  金:国家自然科学基金(21576133);江苏省先进生物制造协同创新中心自主研发课题(XTD1824)。

摘  要:环状脂肽是由芽孢杆菌产生的一种次级代谢产物,具有较好的表面活性、生物活性及对环境友好等特点,在食品、医药和石油工业等领域都有广泛的应用。环状脂肽的结构主要包含亲水的肽环结构和亲油的脂酰基结构两部分,由于脂肪酸链长度、构型及肽环上氨基酸种类和位置的变化,环状脂肽具有多种同系物。目前,环脂肽主要包含芬芥素(fengycins)、表面活性素(surfactins)和伊枯草菌素(iturins)三大家族,其中surfactins具有更强的表面活性,而iturins和fengycins具有更好的抗真菌活性。本文对3种环状脂肽的结构多样性及性质进行了归纳,详细解析了肽合成及脂酰基合成的相关代谢途径,对目前关于脂肽的结构修饰相关研究进行了综述和总结,并对后期研究方向进行了展望:解决肽环修饰带来的低产问题及找到更好的定向修饰脂酰基结构的方法,是未来脂肽结构改造需要突破的核心问题。Cyclic lipopeptides are secondary metabolites produced by Bacillus.Due to its properties of good surface activity,biological activity and environmental friendliness,lipopeptides have wide range of applications in food,medicine,and petroleum industries.Cyclic lipopeptides constitute a class of antimicrobials composed of a hydrophilic peptide ring and hydrophobic fatty acid moieties.Due to changes in the length and configurationof fatty acid chain,and species and position of amino acid on the peptide ring,fengycins,surfactins and iturins have many homologs.At present,cyclic lipopeptides mainly include three major families:fengycins,surfactins and iturins.Among them,surfactins have stronger surface activity,while iturins and fengycins have better antifungal activity.This article briefly summarizes the structural diversity and properties of three lipopeptides,and analyzes the metabolic pathways related to peptide ring and fatty acid chain synthesis.Furthermore,we review the current research on the structure modification of lipopeptides and discuss the prospects of the research on lipopeptides.To solve the problem of low yield caused by peptide ring modification and to find a better way to modify the acyl structure are the core problems to be solved.

关 键 词:环状脂肽 非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS) 表面活性素 伊枯草菌素 芬芥素 

分 类 号:Q78[生物学—分子生物学]

 

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