安徽省县域麦稻玉米秸秆时空分异特征与还田养分输入量测算  

Spatio-temporal variations of wheat,rice and maize straw in major grain-producing counties of Anhui Province and utilization potential of straw nutrient returning to field

作　　者：柴如山 程启鹏 陈翔[2] 罗来超 马超 张亮亮 章力干 李金才[2] 郜红建 Chai Rushan;Cheng Qipeng;Chen Xiang;Luo Laichao;Ma Chao;Zhang Liangliang;Zhang Ligan;Li Jincai;Gao Hongjian(College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention/Key Lab of Jianghuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration,Hefei 230036,China;College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/江淮耕地资源保护与生态修复重点实验室,合肥230036 [2]安徽农业大学农学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第20期234-247,共14页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中国工程科技发展战略安徽研究院2020年咨询研究项目(2020-05);安徽省科技重大专项(202103a06020012);国家自然科学基金项目(32071628)。

摘　　要：安徽省是国家重要商品粮生产基地,作为农业大省其粮食作物秸秆产量居于全国前列。明晰全省产粮大县主要粮食作物秸秆理论资源量和可收集资源量时空分布特征,并准确测算秸秆就地还田对土壤养分输入的贡献,可为秸秆全量化差异化利用策略优化及秸秆还田情景下的农田养分平衡调控提供决策依据。研究表明,2011—2019年安徽省产粮大县三大粮食作物秸秆资源总量呈现出稳步增长的态势,而不同作物秸秆产量年际变化趋势各异:小麦秸秆先升后稳,水稻秸秆波动不大,玉米秸秆逐年递增。2019年安徽省产粮大县三大粮食作物秸秆理论资源量为3878万t,其中小麦、水稻和玉米秸秆所占比例分别为47.3%、36.3%和16.4%。淮北区为小麦和玉米秸秆资源集中分布区,占比分别为73.0%和88.3%,水稻秸秆主要产自江淮区(41.7%)、皖西区(21.3%)及沿江区(19.7%)。主要粮食作物秸秆资源总量分布表现为淮北区(52.5%)˃江淮区(24.3%)˃皖西区(10.5%)˃沿江区(9.1%)˃皖南区(3.6%)。2019年全省产粮大县小麦、水稻和玉米秸秆可收集资源量分别为1338万、1041万和542万t,淮北区单位播种面积小麦和玉米秸秆可收集资源量分别为4505~6310和4171~5395 kg/hm^(2),江淮区、皖西区和沿江区单位播种面积水稻秸秆可收集资源量分别为4487~5326、4570~5028和4329~5778 kg/hm^(2)。2019年安徽省产粮大县三大粮食作物秸秆氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))和钾(K_(2)O)养分资源总量分别为25.3万、10.9万和90.1万t。在秸秆就地全量还田情景下,小麦玉米主产区(淮北区)小麦秸秆还田的氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))和钾(K_(2)O)养分输入量分别为35.8~50.1、14.1~19.8和139.8~195.8 kg/hm^(2),玉米秸秆还田的养分输入量分别为42.7~55.2、16.9~21.8和93.4~120.9 kg/hm^(2);水稻主产区(江淮区、皖西区和沿江区)水稻秸秆还田的养分输入量分别为38.0~50.8、18.8~25.0和151.6~202.3 kg/hm^(2)。研究�Anhui Province of China is one of the most important agricultural production bases with abundant grain crop straw resources.It is necessary to clarify the temporal and regional characteristics of theoretical and crop residues for the differentiated development of fully quantitative utilization in straw sources in major grain-producing counties.Accurate evaluation of utilization potential to straw nutrient resources can essentially contribute to balancing the regulation of soil nutrients under straw returning.In this study,a systematic investigation was made on the spatiotemporal variation of wheat,rice and maize straw in major grain-producing counties of Anhui Province and utilization potential of a straw nutrient return to the field.The result showed that the total output of straw resources presented a slowly rising trend from 2011 to 2019.However,the straw production during 2011-2019 presented significant differences among three major grain crops,where the wheat straw firstly increased and then remained stable,while the rice straw was relatively stable with small fluctuation,and the maize straw showed an outstanding ascending.The theoretical amount of three main grain crop straws were 38.78 million tons in 2019,among which the wheat,rice,and maize straws accounted for 47.3%,36.3%,and 16.4%,respectively.The wheat straw(73.0%)and maize straw(88.3%)were mainly concentrated in the North area of the Huai River.The rice straw was mainly distributed in the area between the Yangtze and the Huai River(41.7%),Western Anhui Province(21.3%),and the edge area of the Yangtze River(19.7%).The distribution of total straw yields from the three main grain crops in different agricultural areas was ranked as follows:North area of the Huai River(52.5%)˃Area between the Yangtze and the Huai River(24.3%)˃Western Anhui Province(10.5%)˃Edge area of the Yangtze River(9.1%)˃Southern Anhui Province(3.6%).The straw resources in 2019 were 13.38,10.41,and 5.42 million tons for wheat,rice,and maize,respectively.The straw resources per uni

关 键 词：秸秆 作物 时空分布 秸秆还田 养分输入 安徽省 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]