外源钙浸种对小麦防御酶和麦二叉蚜体内解毒酶活性的影响  

Effect of seed soaking with exogenous calcium on activities of defense enzymes in wheat and detoxifying enzymes in Schizaphis graminum(Rondani)

作　　者：王骏 吴小保 宋佳 邓倩倩 曾广[1,2] 任明见 叶茂[1,2] WANG Jun;WU Xiaobao;SONG Jia;DENG Qianqian;ZENG Guang;REN Mingjian;YE Mao(Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Regions, Guiyang 550025, China;Guizhou Branch of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang 550025, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学昆虫研究所,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省山地农业病虫害重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [3]国家小麦改良中心贵州分中心,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2021年第12期2339-2347,共9页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31701801,32060621);贵州省科技计划(〔2016〕1043,〔2017〕5788,〔2017〕7276,〔2019〕4246)。

摘　　要：为了研究外源钙介导下小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)与麦二叉蚜[Schizaphis graminum(Rondani)]的互作关系,用浸种法对小麦进行外源氯化钙处理,以蒸馏水浸种处理为对照,检测小麦植株遭麦二叉蚜取食0、24、48、72 h时叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和β-1,3葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-GA)活性的变化,及麦二叉蚜取食不同处理小麦植株0、24、48、72 h时体内谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GSTs)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)和细胞色素P450(CYP450)活性的变化。结果发现,麦二叉蚜取食显著(P<0.05)诱导了小麦叶片POD、PAL和β-1,3-GA活性,但对PPO活性无显著诱导。氯化钙浸种处理进一步显著(P<0.05)增强了POD、PAL和β-1,3-GA的活性,且PPO活性也显著(P<0.05)高于未经氯化钙处理的小麦植株。麦二叉蚜取食氯化钙浸种处理的小麦植株后,其体内解毒酶GSTs、CarE和CYP450的活性显著(P<0.05)高于取食对照植株的麦二叉蚜。这说明,外源钙对小麦叶片中的防御酶活性有明显诱导作用,取食经外源钙处理的小麦叶片后,麦二叉蚜也相应提高了其体内解毒酶的活性,以应对小麦植株增强的抗性。In order to study the interaction mediated by exogenous calcium between Triticum aestivum L.and Schizaphis graminum(Rondani),wheat seeds were soaked with calcium chloride solution(CaCl_(2) treatment),while seeds soaked with distilled water were taken as control(CK).The changes of peroxidase(POD),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)andβ-1,3-glucanase(β-1,3-GA)activity in wheat leaves were detected at 0,24,48,72 h after aphids infestation.Meanwhile,glutathione S-transferase(GSTs),carboxylesterase(CarE)and cytochrome P450(CYP450)activities in aphids fed on wheat plant for 0,24,48,72 h were tested as well.It was found that the aphids infestation significantly(P<0.05)induced POD,PAL andβ-1,3-GA activities in wheat leaves,but PPO activity did not increase,while CaCl_(2) treatment further significantly(P<0.05)enhanced activities of POD,PAL andβ-1,3-GA.Besides,PPO activity in wheat plants was significantly(P<0.05)higher under CaCl_(2) treatment than that under CK.Meanwhile,the activities of detoxification enzymes(GSTs,CarE and CYP450)in aphids fed on CaCl_(2)-treated plants were significantly(P<0.05)increased as compared with those fed on control plants.Collectively,the present results indicated that the exogenous calcium could induce the activities of defensive enzymes in wheat plants,while aphids increased their detoxification enzymes activities to adapt the enhanced defense of wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 麦二叉蚜 外源钙 防御酶 解毒酶 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S512[农业科学—植物保护]