泡沫铝三明治板材的研究现状  

Research Progress of Aluminum Foam Sandwich

作　　者：张子晨 许涛 武艺卿 许岳磊 夏兴川[1,2] 丁俭 陈学广[1] 刘海峰[3] 韩星 高玉刚 刘永长 ZHANG Zichen;XU Tao;WU Yiqing;XU Yuelei;XIA Xingchuan;DING Jian;CHEN Xueguang;LIU Haifeng;HAN Xing;GAO Yugang;LIU Yongchang(School of Material Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China;School of Material Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;CITIC Dicastal Co.,Ltd.,Qinhuangdao 066300,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学材料科学与工程学院,天津300401 [2]天津大学材料科学与工程学院,天津300072 [3]中信戴卡股份有限公司,秦皇岛066300

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第23期23121-23130,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：河北省重点研发项目(19251013D);河北省军民融合项目;河北省省校合作开发基金。

摘　　要：闭孔泡沫铝是一种结构与功能一体化的多孔材料,具有轻质、高比强度和比刚度、能量吸收能力强等优点,但也存在着表层单层孔壁力学性能较差、表面粗糙度高以及耐腐蚀性差等不足。为了解决上述问题,研究人员设计并开发了泡沫铝三明治板材(AFS),其制备方法主要分为物理连接法和冶金连接法。传统物理连接法制备的AFS存在着界面结合强度低和耐候性较差等不足;粉末冶金和焊接法等冶金连接法所制备的板材实现了芯材与面板之间的冶金结合,极大地提升了板材的力学性能和服役寿命,但依然存在产品尺寸范围较小、工艺复杂、生产效率低、成本较高等不足。目前,针对AFS力学性能的研究主要集中在准静态和动态变形、失效模式、能量吸收能力等方面,研究表明其动静态力学性能主要受控于实体面板和泡沫铝芯层的性质、界面结合强度等。近年来有限元分析法逐渐得到了研究者们的青睐,但仍存在许多问题需要解决。本文结合国内外文献,概述了近年来AFS在制备技术、力学性能等方面的研究进展以及产业化应用前景,从实体面板与泡沫铝芯层的物理连接和冶金连接两个方面介绍了主要制备技术,讨论和总结了准静态和动态力学性能的主要影响因素与机理,分析了国内外应用现状并对应用前景进行了展望。Closed-cell aluminum foam is a structure-function integrated porous material,which has the advantages of light weight,high specific strength specific stiffness and high energy absorption capacity. However,aluminum foam still has some shortcomings such as poor mechanical properties of the single-layer surface,high surface roughness and poor corrosion resistance. In order to solve the above problems,the researchers designed and developed aluminum foam sandwich( AFS),and the preparation methods are mainly divided into physical connection methods and metallurgical connection methods. AFS prepared by the traditional physical connection method has the defects of low interface bonding strength and poor weather resistance;AFS produced by metallurgical connection methods such as powder metallurgy and welding method realizes the metallurgical combination between the core material and the panel,which greatly improves the mechanical properties and service life,but there are still unfavorable factors such as a small product size range,complex process,low production efficiency,and high cost. At present,the researches on the mechanical properties of AFS mainly focus on quasi-static and dynamic deformation,failure modes,energy absorption capabilities,etc. The researches show that dynamic and static mechanical properties are mainly controlled by the properties of solid panels and aluminum foam core,interface bonding strength and test parameters. In recent years,the finite element analysis method has gradually been favored by researchers,but there are still many problems that need to be solved. This paper,combined with domestic and foreign literature,outlined the preparation technology,mechanical properties research progress and industrial application prospects of AFS in recent years. The main preparation technologies were introduced from the physical connection and metallurgical connection of the solid panel and the aluminum foam core layer. The main influencing factors and mechanisms of quasi-static and dynamic mechanical proper

关 键 词：泡沫铝 三明治板材 制备技术 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG146.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]