黏土矿物基纳米复合阻燃材料的研究进展  

Research Progress of Clay Mineral-based Nanocomposite Flame Retardants

作　　者：解维闵 梁晓正 赵晓光 杨华明[1,2,3] XIE Weimin;LIANG Xiaozheng;ZHAO Xiaoguang;YANG Huaming(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Key Laboratory for Mineral Materials and Application of Hunan Province,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Functional Materials in China Building Materials Industry,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,长沙410083 [2]中南大学矿物材料及其应用湖南省重点实验室,长沙410083 [3]中南大学建筑材料行业黏土矿物功能材料重点实验室,长沙410083

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第23期23192-23204,共13页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0310903);中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目(2020zzts728,2019zzts887)。

摘　　要：聚合物纳米复合材料因具有质轻、耐腐蚀、电绝缘、易于加工等优异的性能而被广泛应用于国民生产生活的各个领域。然而,大多数聚合物材料都极易燃烧,这严重限制了其在诸多领域中的实际应用。因此,增强聚合物的阻燃性能具有重大意义。近年来,随着人们的环保和健康意识日益增强,以环境友好的方法制备高强度、高韧性、高抗氧化性和良好阻燃性的聚合物复合材料的研究受到越来越多国内外研究者的青睐,高效绿色阻燃剂将具有巨大的市场潜力。纳米黏土是天然、无毒、低成本、可生物降解且具有生物相容性的材料,常被用于合成各种聚合物纳米复合材料,由于其较大的比表面积、阻隔性和热稳定性,可有效改善聚合物材料的阻燃性和力学性能。本文总结了近几年天然黏土矿物增强聚合物纳米复合材料阻燃性和热稳定性的相关研究。根据不同来源,将聚合物材料分为天然聚合物材料和合成聚合物材料,分别探讨了添加黏土矿物对各种聚合物纳米复合材料阻燃性能的增强效果,并归纳了天然黏土矿物在聚合物纳米复合材料中的阻燃机理。与普通聚合物复合材料相比,天然黏土由于其独特的结构(纤维状、管状及层状),可以捕获易燃挥发物、阻隔热和质的传递。此外,天然黏土可以在聚合物表面形成强大的阻隔层,以延缓热和质的传输过程。最后,指出了目前纳米复合材料在阻燃研究中存在的问题。对当前文献的深入调查为实现聚合物/黏土纳米复合材料的高效利用提供有用的信息,并为设计新型高性能聚合物/黏土纳米复合材料提供理论指导。Polymer nanocomposites have been widely used in various fields of national production and life due to their excellent properties such as light weight,corrosion resistance,electrical insulation and easy processing.However,most polymer materials are extremely flammable,which seriously limits their practical application in many fields.Therefore,it is of great significance to enhance the flame retardant property of polymer.In recent years,with the increasing awareness of environmental protection and health,the preparation of polymer composites with high strength,high toughness,high oxidation resistance and good flame retardancy by environmentally friendly methods has been attracted more and more researchers at home and abroad.High-efficiency green flame retardants will have great market potential.Nanoclay is a natural,non-toxic,low-cost,biodegradable and biocompatible material,which is often used to synthesize polymer nanocomposites.Due to its high specific surface area,ba-rrier property and thermal stability,it can effectively improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polymer materials.This paper summarizes the related research on the flame retardant and thermal stability of natural clay minerals reinforced polymer nanocomposites in recent years.According to different sources,polymer materials can be divided into natural polymer materials and synthetic polymer materials.The enhancement effect of clay minerals on the flame retardant properties of various polymer nanocomposites is discussed respectively.The flame retardant mechanism of natural clay minerals in polymer nanocomposites is also summarized.Compared with common polymer composites,natural clay minerals in polymer composites can capture flammable volatiles,block the transfer of heat and mass due to its unique structure(fibrous,tubular and layered).In addition,natural clays can form a strong barrier layer on the polymer surface to delay the heat and mass transfer processes.Finally,it points out the current problems existing in the flame retarda

关 键 词：阻燃材料 黏土矿物 聚合物复合材料 天然聚合物 合成聚合物 

分 类 号：TD985[矿业工程—选矿]