罗氏沼虾及蔬菜在日光温室内不同养殖系统中生产性能的比较研究  

Production Performance Comparison of Giant River Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Vegetables in Different Symbiotic Systems in a Greenhouse

作　　者：王大贺 陈旺 蔡鹏飞 刘少贞[1] 王伟伟[1] 刘青[1] WANG Dahe;CHEN Wang;CAI Pengfei;LIU Shaozhen;WANG Weiwei;LIU Qing(College of Animal Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学动物科学学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2021年第5期77-85,共9页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：山西省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2019123);山西省"1331工程"畜牧学重点学科建设专项(J201711306);晋中市科技基础条件平台(P171002-2);山西农业大学横向科技项目(2018HX37)。

摘　　要：本试验研究了两种常规日光温室内(综合种养系统和土工膜覆盖池)和一种室内循环水罗氏沼虾Macrobrachium rosenbergii与小白菜Brassca campestris、早熟大白菜Beassica pekinensis Rupr.等虾菜共生系统的生产效能。温室大棚内综合种养系统为钢架吊装固定的轴长6 m×3 m的椭圆形PVC框架鱼池,上面固定串联并列的6根相通种植管道(内径9.3 cm,长3.03 m),管道向上面打孔作栽培孔,左侧3根管道中放有火山岩、陶粒和微生物附着生长提供载体,右3根则无基质。框架鱼池内配备潜水泵(开40 min/h,关20 min/h)、过滤器、增氧机及水气输送管等装置。潜水泵将养殖水提升至高位过滤桶后自流至栽培管道内,流回养殖池内。微孔增氧管曝气。整套试验系统水流量为1.5 m;/h,循环率为2.5次/d,栽培区水流速约为3.68 m/min。土工膜覆盖池为渔业用的HDPE土工膜全部覆盖的10 m×5 m×1.5 m,设于同一日光温室大棚内,池内微孔底部增氧与种养系统同步启闭。土工膜覆盖池内微孔底部增氧与种养系统同步启闭。室内循环水养殖系统为12个40 cm×30 cm×30 cm养殖箱,上下三层,在向阳的室内,自然光照,单独进排水,有循环过滤、增氧、温控设备。综合种养系统、土工膜覆盖池和室内循环水三种养殖系统中放养体质量0.0083 g的罗氏沼虾,密度分别为500 ind./m;、250 ind./m;和500 ind./m;日投饵率为4%~6%。每周测量水体的氨氮、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐、硫化物和溶解氧含量、pH及温度。每隔15 d测量罗氏沼虾体质量、体长和蔬菜的重量、根上植株高。蔬菜种植密度为26株/m;。结果表明:(1)罗氏沼虾养殖水体中氨氮、硝酸盐、硫化物、温度等水质指标均在合理的养殖范围内,但pH和硝酸盐、磷酸盐含量差异较大,综合种养系统更稳定;(2)土工膜覆盖池罗氏沼虾的生长速度显著快于其他两组(P<0.05),综合种养系统中罗氏沼虾的生长速度快于室In this experiment, the production performance was comparatively investigated in giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Chinese cabbages Brassca campestris, and Beassica pekinensis Rupr in an integrated aquaculture system and covered earthen pond system in conventional greenhouse and one indoor circulating water pond system in the shrimp and vegetable symbiosis system. The integrated aquaculture system in the greenhouse was consisted of a steel frame fixed oval PVC fish pond with a shaft length of 6 m × 3 m, and of six parallel planting pipes with inner diameter of 9.3 cm, and length of 3.03 m on the top and drilled holes upwards for cultivation of the Chinese cabbages. In the three pipes on the left were filled with volcanic rocks, ceramsites and microorganisms as attachments of the plants, while there was no any substrate in the right three pipes. The frame fish pond in the greenhouse was equipped with submersible pumps(40 min/h on, 20 min/h off)which lifted the cultured water to a high-level filter barrel and flows into the cultivation pipeline and back into the culture tank, with filter, microporous aerators, and water and gas delivery pipes, at water flow rate of 1.5 m;/h, circulation cycle of 2.5 times/d, and the water flow rate of some 3.68 m/min in the cultivation area. The film-covered earth ponds in the greenhouse were operated synchronously with the integrated aquaculture system. The indoor circulating water integrated aquaculture system was composed of 12 tanks of each 40 cm × 30 cm×30 cm disposed at three layers in the sunny room,natural light, and separate intake and drainage, with circulating filtration, oxygenation, temperature control equipment. The giant river prawn with body weight of 0.0083 g was stocked into the in tegrated aquaculture system at density of 500 ind./m;, into the covered earthen pond system at density of 250 ind./m;, and into the indoor circulating water pond system at density of 500 ind./m;, with the vegetables at a density of 26 plants/m;, and fed at daily feeding

关 键 词：虾菜共生 罗氏沼虾 生长性能 水质 基质 

分 类 号：S966.12[农业科学—水产养殖]