经济水平和教育程度对奥运成绩的影响  

Influence of Economic Level and Education Level on Olympic Achievement

作　　者：白宇飞 刘文静 杨武建 左文 邹新娴[3] BAI Yufei;LIU Wenjing;YANG Wujian;ZUO Wen;ZOU Xinxian(Business School of Sport,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Finance Department,CCCC Infrastructure Maintenance Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100011,China;School of Management,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学体育商学院,北京100084 [2]中交基础设施养护集团有限公司财务部,北京100011 [3]北京体育大学管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2021年第6期80-86,共7页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：北京市社科基金重点项目“新冠肺炎疫情影响下北京冬奥会促进京津冀协同发展研究”(20JCB074);国家社科基金一般项目(16BTY016)。

摘　　要：经济水平和教育程度能否以及如何影响奥运成绩是各国普遍关心的重要议题。本文基于2000—2018年107个国家历届奥运会面板数据,运用混合回归法、系统广义矩估计法等展开实证研究。回归结果显示,一个国家人均GDP、居民平均受教育年限每上升1个百分点,其奥运成绩将分别提高0.095%、0.925%,即经济水平和教育程度均对奥运参赛国成绩有显著正向影响。研究认为这一机制在发达国家体现更充分,对发展中国家而言,奥运成绩提升的重要支持因素是居民平均受教育年限的增加而非人均GDP的增长;从夏奥会和冬奥会表现来看,经济水平仅与冬奥会成绩显著正相关,教育程度的提高则对一个国家夏奥会的整体表现有积极影响。通过系统广义矩估计法对上述结论进行稳健性检验后仍然成立。研究为深入理解各国奥运表现提供有力支撑,并为发达国家和发展中国家更好地从中长期备战夏奥会和冬奥会提供一定的现实参考。Whether and how economic level and education level can affect Olympic achievement is as a critical issue of universal concern to all countries.This paper employs empirical tools such as mixture regression model and system GMM to conduct research based on the panel data of previous Olympic Games for 107 countries from 2000 to 2018.The regression results show that for every 1 percentage increase in a country’s per capita GDP and average number of schooling years of its residents, its Olympic achievement would increase by 0.095% and 0.925% respectively.That is, economic level and education level have a significant positive impact on the achievements of Olympic competing countries.The results show that this mechanism manifests itself better in developed countries, but for those developing countries, it is the increase of schooling years that elevates the Olympic achievements rather than the growth of per capita GDP.From the perspective of Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics, the economic level is only positively correlated with the performance of Winter Olympics, and the improvement of education level has a positive impact on the whole performance of a country’s Summer Olympics.The above conclusions remain valid after the robustness test of system GMM.The findings in this paper will help further understand the Olympic achievements of various countries, and provide practical reference for both developed and developing countries to prepare for the Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics in the medium and long term.

关 键 词：经济水平 教育程度 奥运成绩 发达国家 发展中国家 夏奥会 冬奥会 

分 类 号：G80-052[文化科学—运动人体科学]