渤海海冰对波浪推算的影响  

Influence of sea ice on wave calculation in the Bohai Sea

作　　者：张娜[1,2,3] 李帅 耿姗姗[2] 张庆河 何小松[4] ZHANG Na;LI Shuai;GENG Shanshan;ZHANG Qinghe;HE Xiaosong(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Characteristics&Engineering Environment,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300384,China;National Marine Data and Information Service,Tianjin 300171,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Suwei(Tianjin)Material Technology Co.,Ltd,Tianjin 300450,China)

机构地区：[1]天津城建大学天津市软土特性与工程环境重点实验室,天津300384 [2]国家海洋信息中心,天津300171 [3]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300072 [4]苏威(天津)材料科技有限公司,天津300450

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2021年第11期1604-1610,共7页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51509177,51978440);天津市自然科学基金项目(19JCZDJC39700);自然资源部海洋环境信息保障技术重点实验室开放基金项目;天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室开放基金项目(HESS-1912);天津市研究生科研创新项目(2020YJSS081)。

摘　　要：为了合理推算冰水共存海域的设计波浪条件,本文提出了一种包含冰影响的波浪推算方法,通过将冰浓度以线性变化的加权百分比的方式纳入SWAN模型的风应力方程中,进而用于模拟冰水共存条件下的波浪演化,并以2011—2012年为例研究了渤海海冰对波浪分布的影响。根据模拟结果,2011—2012年海冰覆盖的范围最多占整个渤海的33.3%,而渤海有效波高和谱峰波周期受冰影响的区域最多分别占整个渤海的75.8%和73.0%。辽东湾靠近湾顶区域的有效波高和谱峰波周期在整个冬季受冰影响最多减小了70%,而渤海湾和莱州湾受冰影响的衰减程度最高可达10%。结果表明:海冰的存在不仅阻挡了海-气之间的热量和动量交换,导致冰覆盖区域的有效波高和谱峰波周期受海冰影响减小,而且相当于减小了整个渤海的有效风区,使得靠近冰区的无冰海域的有效波高和谱峰波周期也受海冰影响而减小。因此,海冰的影响在寒区海域的设计波浪推算过程中不可忽略。To reasonably calculate wave conditions in the design process of sea ice-water coexistence, a wave calculation method, including the effects of ice, is proposed in this paper. The weighted percentage of linear changes in ice concentration is included in the wind stress equation of the SWAN model to simulate wave evolution under ice-water coexistent conditions;the period of 2011-2012 in the Bohai Sea is used to study the influence of sea ice on wave distribution. According to the simulated results, the area covered by sea ice accounts, at most, for 33.3% of the whole Bohai Sea area during the study period. However, the area affected by sea ice for the significant wave height and peak period accounts for, at most, 75.8% and 73.0%, respectively, of the whole Bohai Sea area. The significant wave height and peak period near the top of Liaodong Bay are reduced by a maximum of 70% in winter, while the attenuation in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay is up to 10%. The results show that the existence of sea ice not only blocks heat and momentum exchange between air and sea, but also reduces the influence of sea ice on the significant wave height and peak wave period in the area covered by ice and the effective wind area of the whole Bohai Sea. The influence of sea ice on the significant wave height and peak wave period is thus reduced in the ice-free area. Therefore, the influence of sea ice cannot be ignored in the calculation of design wave conditions in cold areas.

关 键 词：海冰 波浪 冰浓度 风应力 加权百分比 SWAN模型 冰水共存 有效风区 

分 类 号：P731.22[天文地球—海洋科学]