空客崛起的政治基础--技术整合、市场拓展与战略性企业的成长  

The Political Foundation of Airbus's Rising:Technology Integration,Market Exploration and the Development of Strategic Enterprises

作　　者：李巍[1] 张梦琨 Li Wei;Zhang Mengkun(the School of International Studies of Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京100872

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2021年第11期4-37,156,共35页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：中国人民大学2020--2022年度明德研究品牌计划“中国经济外交的理论与实践”(项目批准号:14XNJ006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：空客与欧元共同构成了欧洲一体化的两颗明珠,在欧洲整体经济竞争力遭遇严峻挑战的背景下,它们分别成为欧洲在产业和金融领域最重要的实力象征。但事实上,在第二次世界大战后数十年的时间里,欧洲诸国的多个商用飞机项目因美国制造商的强大攻势一路溃败。作为一个多国联合企业,空客的异军突起全面扭转了欧洲民航工业的颓势。空客的崛起不仅仅是一场商业上的成功,而是源于欧洲一体化所奠定的坚实政治基础。欧洲一体化通过培育合作习惯构建战略互信,克服了内部的技术民族主义,促进了欧洲相关国家在飞机研制上形成稳定的多国分工模式;同时,欧洲一体化对内整合了碎片化的民航市场,对外提升了欧洲国家通过经济外交开拓国际市场的能力。概括而言,欧洲一体化在技术整合和市场拓展两个方面为空客克服后发劣势提供了强大的产业支持。空客是欧洲企业战胜美国同侪的重要范例,其实践为欧洲一体化的价值提供了强大的证据支持,也为他国同类企业的发展提供了重要借鉴。Airbus and the euro jointly constitute the two jewels of European integration.In the context of severe challenges to the overall economic competitiveness of Europe,both of them have served as the most important symbols of European strength in the industrial and financial fields respectively. But in fact,in the decades after World War Ⅱ,many commercial aircraft projects in European countries were defeated by the powerful American counterpart. As a multinational conglomerate,Airbus has completely reversed the decline of the European civil aviation industry. Its rise is far more than just a business success,but stems from the solid political foundation laid by European integration. European integration builds strategic mutual trust through cultivating cooperation habits,which helps to overcome internal technological nationalism and to promote the formation of a stable multinational division of labor. At the same time,European integration integrates the fragmented civil aviation markets internally,and enhances the ability to explore markets through economic diplomacy externally. European integration has provided strong industrial support for Airbus in overcoming its "late-comer disadvantage" through technology integration and market expansion. The rising of Airbus provides a strong evidence for the significance of European integration,and also serves an important example for the development of related enterprises in other countries.

关 键 词：空中客车 欧洲一体化 不完全竞争市场 战略性企业 产业支持能力 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]