绵阳地区儿童防灾减灾意识及自救互救能力现状研究  

Research on the awareness of disaster prevention and the ability of self-rescue and mutual aid among children in Mianyang Area

作　　者：李小玉 江凤琼 余静 张春华 徐丽 杜雪梅 赵小燕 王米艳 Li Xiaoyu;Jiang Fengqiong;Yu Jing;Zhang Chunhua;Xu Li;Du Xuemei;Zhao Xiaoyan;Wang Miyan(Mianyang Central Hospital Children′s Medical Center,School of Medicine,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,621000 Mianyang,China;Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County People′s Hospital,Mianyang 622750,China;Pediatric Department,Jiangyou 903 Hospital,Jiangyou 621700,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学医学院附属绵阳医院,绵阳市中心医院儿童医学中心,621000 [2]北川羌族自治县人民医院,绵阳622750 [3]江油九○三医院儿科,江油621700

出　　处：《中国小儿急救医学》2021年第11期960-963,共4页Chinese Pediatric Emergency Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解绵阳地区儿童防灾减灾意识及自救互救能力现状,为针对性制定科学的儿童灾害知识培训方案提供参考,提升儿童灾害发生时的生存能力。方法通过文献查阅、专家咨询自行设计调查问卷,采用多阶段抽样方法对绵阳地区县(市)级高中、初中、小学2162人进行调查。结果有8.3%的儿童灾害意识薄弱;儿童灾害相关知识了解较好,报警电话知晓率最高91.8%,火灾、洪涝、地震逃生及地震预警知识得分次之(86.5%、84.2%、84.2%、83.0%),心肺复苏、消防栓操作知晓率很低(58.8%、57.4%),仍有部分儿童选择不当逃生行为;预警知识及急救技能得分与性别、年龄相关,在灾害前兆知识、灭火器消防栓使用及急救技能方面,男生得分显著高于女生(P<0.001),除火灾相关知识、燃气泄漏逃生、避难场所知晓率外,年龄越大得分越高(P<0.05);预警、逃生知识及急救技能得分与其家庭所在地相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),而与民族、父母学历、学校所属性质无相关性;有备灾包的家庭占60.1%,80.0%以上儿童选择应准备手电筒、食物和水、急救药包,而65.0%~75.0%的儿童认为没有必要准备收音机、电话号码本、现金。结论儿童的减灾意识及自救互救能力总体较好,但仍存在急救技能不足、选择不当逃生行为的情况。应加强儿童基础教育中灾害意识和自救能力教育,减少因灾害导致的儿童伤亡。Objective To investigate the current situation of children′s awareness of disaster prevention and self-rescue ability in Mianyang area,provide reference for the development of scientific training programs on children′s disaster knowledge,and improve children′s survival ability during the disaster occurence.Methods Through literature review and expert consultation,the questionnaire was designed by ourselves.Multi-stage sampling method was used to investigate 2162 cases from county(city)high school,junior high school and primary school in Mianyang area.Results 8.3%of children had weak disaster awareness.Children had a good understanding of disaster related knowledge,with the highest alarm call awareness rate of 91.8%,fire,flood,earthquake escape and earthquake warning score of 86.5%,84.2%,84.2%,83.0%.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and fire hydrant operation awareness rate was very low(58.8%,57.4%).Even some children still chose improper escape behavior.The scores of early warning knowledge and first aid skill were correlated with gender and age.In knowledge of disaster precursors,using of fire extinguishers and hydrants,and first aid skills,the scores of boys were significantly higher than those of girls(P<0.001).Except for fire-related knowledge,gas leakage escape and shelter awareness rate,the older the children were,the higher the scores were(P<0.05).The scores of early warning,escape knowledge and first aid skills were correlated with the location of home,and the differences were significant(P>0.001).More than 80.0%of children chose flashlights,food and water,and emergency kits,while 65.0%to 75.0%children thought it was not necessary to prepare a radio,telephone directory,and cash.Conclusion Children′s awareness of disaster reduction and self-rescue ability are generally good,but there are still insufficient first-aid skills and improper choice of escape behavior.The education of disaster awareness and self-rescue ability should be strengthened in children′s basic education so as to reduce the casualti

关 键 词：儿童 防灾减灾 灾害意识 自救互救 逃生知识 预警知识 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]