秦汉王朝对乡里族姓的规划与管理  

A Study on Arranging and Governing Households at the Xiang and Li Levels during the Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：凌文超 LING Wenchao(School of History,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2021年第6期41-51,共11页Journal of Renmin University of China

摘　　要：秦汉碑简文献透露出乡里编户民长期"多姓均势杂居"。这是秦汉王朝规划乡里编户齐民族姓的结果。秦汉爵制先后规定五大夫或公乘以下的吏民在乡里比地为伍,在分异令的影响下,庶民多为五口之家,姓氏观念与宗族意识比较淡漠。里的制度性反复拆并和迁民,不断离散自然聚落,剖散族姓,从而抑制基层强宗大姓的形成。不过,随着时间的推移,乡里族姓只在户口登记时才以书面形式呈现离散状态。According to newly discovered writings on bamboo slips and stone tablets dated to the Qin and Han periods,households in xiang and li levels usually had different surnames,denoting that they probably were from different families.This may have resulted from the Qin and Han ranking system applied to control the growth of local big families.It requires the households with their heads under the ninth or the eighth rank to be organized in groups of five in the xiangand li levels.This system repeatedly divided amalgamated local communities to prevent the formation of powerful families.Nevertheless,this kind of division lost its power over time since in reality it destabilized local community while upholding the xiangand li system.The lack of big families in local registers as we see may not tell the truth and they were only meaningful in their written form.

关 键 词：秦汉 姓氏 乡里制 族居形态 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学] D691.2[历史地理—中国史]