南京地区南朝墓葬的阶层划分及相关问题  

The Tomb Levels of the Southern Dynasties in Nanjing and Related Issues

作　　者：张科 Zhang Ke

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院,长沙410082

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2021年第11期6-23,共18页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：湖南大学“中央高校基本科研业务费”的资助;2020年度湖南省社科基金青年项目“区域比较视野下长江中游六朝墓葬研究”(项目编号:20YBQ036)的成果之一。

摘　　要：南京地区南朝墓葬大致可依其砖室总长分为六个阶层。其中,第一、二阶层的面貌特征较为统一,第三至六阶层的内部皆存在一定差异,不过它们的内部差异性均隶属于其整体同一性之下。因此,第三至六阶层之间的区别即便不是出于制度上的规定,也构成了实质上的等级差异。南京地区南朝墓葬的等级差异可在有关南朝礼制的文献记载中得到部分印证。较之于东晋,南京地区南朝墓葬的阶层序列发生了明显的细化和固化,反映了皇权政治抬头对墓葬领域的影响。不过,这种影响的地域范围有限,致使南京地区南朝墓葬的等级制度在邻近的浙北地区都得不到较好的贯彻。从这一层面来看,日本学者提出的六朝地域社会学说堪称中的之论,值得考古学作进一步观察和评估。The tombs of the Southern dynasties in Nanjing can be roughly divided into six levels according to the length of their brick chambers.Among them,the features of the first and second levels are relatively unified,while there are still certain differences within the third to sixth levels under the overall identity.Therefore,even though the differences among the third to the sixth levels are not based on institutional regulations,they constitute the substantial level differences.These differences of the tomb levels of the Southern dynasties in Nanjing can be partially confirmed in the documents about the ritual system of the Southern dynasties.Compared with that in the Eastern Jin dynasty,the tomb hierarchy of the Southern dynasties in Nanjing has been clearly refined and regularized,reflecting the influence of the rise of imperial power on the tomb system.However,due to the limited geographical scope of this influence,the tomb hierarchical system of the Southern dynasties in Nanjing area could not be well implemented in the neighboring northern area of Zhejiang.From this perspective,the theory of regional society in the Six dynasties put forward by Japanese scholars is worthy of further observation and evaluation in archaeology.

关 键 词：南京地区 南朝墓葬 阶层划分 皇权政治 地域社会 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K239.1[历史地理—历史学]