论个人信息同意撤回权的现实困境与完善建议  

Realistic Dilemma and Perfecting Suggestions of Right to Personal Information Consent Withdrawal

作　　者：叶敏[1] 玛丽亚木·艾斯凯尔 YE Min;Maliyamu AISIKAIER(Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122)

机构地区：[1]江南大学法学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《财贸研究》2021年第11期62-71,共10页Finance and Trade Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“个人信息商业利用的民法规则构建研究”(19YJC820067)。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》第15条首次在法律层面明确了个人的同意撤回权,但也划定了严格的适用范围限制,即仅适用于“基于个人同意”收集信息的情形,保护范围偏窄。同时,立法中未对该权利行使渠道的建立、提供同意撤回的义务人违反该规定的法律责任及权利受损后的个人救济措施进行更详细的规定。鉴于当下大数据技术与互联网经济的迅猛发展已经使得个人信息泄露变成了常态,而普通大众的个人信息保护意识与能力都并不充分,该条立法虽然赋予了信息主体同意撤回权这一新的权利,但在随后的实施过程中却可能面临“同意撤回的心理障碍”和在博弈中形成“撤回困境”。为使同意撤回权发挥实效,一方面在今后的法律实施中应降低权利行使成本,鼓励信息主体积极行使同意撤回权;另一方面也有必要通过政府加强监管,强制介入信息主体与信息处理者之间的博弈过程,加大信息处理者的违法成本,从激励信息主体、约束信息处理者的行为、促进信息处理者的能力与责任相匹配等角度入手,加快形成具有中国特色的个人信息保护体系。Article 15 of China’s“Personal Information Protection Law”clarifies the individual’s right to withdraw consent at the legal level for the first time,but also defines the strict scope of application which is only applied to the situation of collecting information“based on individual consent”,and the protection range is narrow.At the same time,the legislation does not provide more detailed regulations on the establishment of channels for the exercise of the rights,the legal responsibilities of the obligors who provide consent to withdraw,and the personal remedies after the rights are damaged.In view of the current rapid development of big data technology and the internet economy,personal information leakage has become the norm,and the personal information protection awareness and ability of the general public are not sufficient.Although the legislation of the article endows the information subject with the new right of consent withdrawal,it can be found that the right to withdraw consent may be faced with the“psychological obstacles to the withdrawal of consent”and the formation of“a withdrawal dilemma”in the game.To make the right to withdraw consent effective,on the one hand,it is necessary to reduce the cost of exercising the right and encourage information subjects to actively exercise the right to withdraw consent.On the other hand,it is also necessary to strengthen supervision through the government,forcibly intervene in the game process between information subject and information processor,increase the illegal cost of information processors,and accelerate the formation of personal information protection systems with Chinese characteristicsfrom the perspective of motivating information subjects,restricting the behavior of information processors,and promoting the matching of capabilities and responsibilities of information processors.

关 键 词：个人信息保护 同意撤回权 认知失调 撤回困境 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] D922[政治法律—法学]