生态政策的地方实践:场域、策略及效果——基于J湖国家湿地公园建设的实证分析  

Fields,Strategies,and Effects in the Local Practice of Ecological Policies:An Empirical Analysis of the Construction of J Lake National Wetland Park

作　　者：吴淼[1] 郭瑞莲 Miao Wu;Ruilian Guo

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2021年第6期124-143,199,共21页Journal of Public Administration

摘　　要：生态环境的重要性和生态政策的特殊性使生态政策实施受到学界广泛关注。但是,现有关于生态政策落实的主流研究,在“政策执行偏差”的框架下对政策实践的多面向和地方政府的复杂策略缺乏深入讨论。鉴于此,论文在制度复杂性视角下建构“多重制度逻辑-组织响应”的分析框架,采用单案例研究方法,通过实地观察和深度访谈,梳理J湖国家湿地公园项目建设历程,并结合政府文件和媒体报道等各种定性数据进行分析,尝试对生态政策地方实践的复杂性进行开创性探讨。研究发现:(1)具有模糊属性的生态政策可能使地方政府原本动态、不一致的组织场域更加复杂化;(2)在不同的制度复杂性样态中,地方政府对生态政策的理解和定位存在差异,并采取情境化的行动策略;(3)生态政策在地方的“搭配性”实践对政策结果产生了复杂影响。研究结果进一步表明,国家生态政策为地方发展提供了机遇,但生态政策的模糊性也可能导致部分甚至核心政策目标难以实现。论文丰富了生态政策地方实践多样化的研究图景,有利于深化对地方政府行为的理解,同时也为模糊性生态政策的反思和重构提供了参考。Given the importance of the environment and the particularity of ecological policies,implementation has attracted greater attention in academic circles.However,most of the existing research on the implementation of ecological policies is viewed through the framework of“policy implementation deviation”.What s missing is the in-depth discussion of the multifaceted policy practices and the complex strategies of local governments.This paper constructs an analysis framework of“multiple institutional logic-organizational response”based on the perspective of institutional complexity.This single case study analyzes the construction of“J Lake National Wetland Park”program through field observation and in-depth interviews.After investigating various qualitative data including interview materials,government documents,and media reports,this paper leads a pioneering discussion on the complexity of the local practice of ecological policy.The major findings are as follows:(1)Ambiguous ecological policies may complicate the organizational field of a local government which was originally dynamic and inconsistent.(2)Embedded in various patterns of institutional complexity,a local government will have different understanding and cognition of,and positions on,ecological policies and therefore may adopt situational strategies.(3)The attachability of ecological policy in local practice has a complex impact on the policy results.The study s results further show that national ecological policies provide opportunities for local development.However,the ambiguity of ecological policy may also make it difficult to achieve some of,or even the core,policy objectives.This paper enriches the research on the diversity of local practices of ecological policy,helps to deepen the understanding of local government behavior,and also provides a reference for the reflection and reconstruction of ambiguous ecological policies.

关 键 词：生态政策 组织场域 多重制度逻辑 地方实践 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]