低保赡养费核算如何平衡家庭义务与国家责任——基于浙江省赡养费核算改革案例的研究  

How to Weigh Family Obligations and State Responsibilities in the Maintenance Accounting of Dibao:Case Study of Zhejiang Province

作　　者：方珂 张翔[2,3,4] Ke Fang;Xiang Zhang

机构地区：[1]浙江大学社会学系 [2]浙江大学共享与发展研究院 [3]浙江大学公共管理学院 [4]浙江大学民生保障与公共治理研究中心

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2021年第6期144-161,199,200,共20页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(13&ZD163);国家自然科学基金重大项目(71490733)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：低保对象认定过程中的赡养费核算涉及家庭义务与国家责任的权衡问题。论文基于浙江省赡养费核算改革案例,分析低保赡养费核算中家庭义务与国家责任的平衡问题。研究发现,赡养费核算改革越来越强调子女赡养的家庭义务;改革后的核算办法可能导致供养义务人不愿意履行赡养义务和供养义务人实际无赡养能力的两类老年群体遭遇“漏保”风险;地方民政部门在政策执行过程中采用地方性赡养费核算办法和地方性社会救助联席会议机制进行调适,努力降低“漏保”风险。基于案例分析,研究提出通过“家庭第一责任+国家兜底责任”来兼顾家庭义务与国家责任、适度提高赡养费核算的扣除金额、赋予地方对特殊困难对象赡养费核算问题的自由裁量权等政策建议,并提出民政部门兜底保障和倡导孝顺的关系、完善救助制度以外的社会养老保险制度或老年福利制度等未来研究方向。The maintenance accounting policy for the qualification of Dibao involves a trade-off between family obligations and state responsibilities.Based on the case of Zhejiang Province,we analyzed how accounting policy can balance family obligations and state responsibilities.We found the maintenance accounting system reform emphasized family obligations.Restricted by the strict accounting policy,two groups of people,those whose children are not willing to fulfill their maintenance obligations and those whose children are not actually able to provide support,may encourter the risk of“leakage”.The grassroots civil affairs department adopted the local maintenance accounting policy and the local social assistance joint conference mechanism to adjust the process of policy implementation,and strived to reduce the risk of“leakage”.Based on the case study,it is suggested the principle of“family obligations first,and state responsibilities as the bottom line”could be adopted to balance family obligations and state responsibilities,the deduction threshold for maintenance accounting should be increased appropriately,and discretionary powers on the calculation of maintenance for those with special difficulties should be granted to local governments.Future research should focus on the relationship between ensuring basic needs and advocating filial piety as well as perfecting the pension insurance system or the welfare system for the elderly outside the social assistance system.

关 键 词：低保 赡养费 家庭义务 国家责任 福利价值观 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]